菜单、下拉列表以及窗口跳转

因为中秋节放假，玩的有些懈怠了，学习方面就有了一些耽搁，今天学习了在Android Studio中如何制作菜单、下拉列表以及切换界面，大概的功能思路图如下：

因为需要窗口跳转，所以需要做出两个窗口，所以先创建一个新的窗口：
右键点击，在弹出的选项框中选择如下图：

确定自己要制作的主窗口中的内容后，开始编写代码，我跳转窗口制作的是下拉菜单，主窗口是菜单，两个Activity代码如下：
1.下拉菜单：

package com.example.administrator.select;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private Spinner spSubject;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;
    private String[] subjects;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        spSubject = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.sp_subject);
        //初始化数据
        subjects = new String[]{"安卓开发","Web开发","数据结构","网络技术","体育","形势与政策"};
        //创建数组适配器
        adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item,subjects);
        //给下拉列表设置适配器
        spSubject.setAdapter(adapter);

        spSubject.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "你选择了【" + subjects[position] + "】！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

            @Override
            public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {
            }
        });

    }

2.菜单代码如下：

package com.example.administrator.select;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;


public class MenuActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     // 利用布局资源文件设置用户界面
     setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     }


     @Override
     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
     // 利用菜单填充器将菜单资源文件映射成菜单
     getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
     return true;
     }

     /**
      * 菜单项单击事件处理方法
     *
     * @param item
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.new_file_menu_item:
                Toast.makeText(this, "你单击了【新建文件】菜单项！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                Intent intent = new Intent(MenuActivity.this,MainActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
                break;
            case R.id.open_file_menu_item:
                Toast.makeText(this, "你单击了【打开文件】菜单项！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case R.id.save_file_menu_item:
                Toast.makeText(this, "你单击了【保存文件】菜单项！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                break;
            case R.id.exit_menu_item:
                finish();
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

布局代码如下：
1.下拉菜单：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="15dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:background="@mipmap/back"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.select.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/select_subject"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        />
    <Spinner
        android:id="@+id/sp_subject"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />

</LinearLayout>

2.菜单：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@mipmap/back"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.select.MenuActivity">

</LinearLayout>
menu中代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <item
        android:id="@+id/file_menu"
        app:showAsAction="always"
        android:title="@string/file_menu">
        <menu>
            <item
                android:id="@+id/new_file_menu_item"
                app:showAsAction="withText"
                android:title="@string/new_file"
                >
            </item>
            <item
                android:id="@+id/open_file_menu_item"
                app:showAsAction="withText"
                android:title="@string/open_file"
                >
            </item>
            <item
                android:id="@+id/save_file_menu_item"
                app:showAsAction="withText"
                android:title="@string/save_file"
                >
            </item>
            <item
                android:id="@+id/exit_menu_item"
                app:showAsAction="withText"
                android:title="@string/exit"
                >
            </item>
        </menu>>
    </item>
</menu>

AndroidManifest代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.administrator.select">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MenuActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
                    android:label="@string/title_activity_main">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

最终效果动图：