scrapy中setting.py中每一项设置的含义

-- coding: utf-8 --

Scrapy settings for GitHub project

For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or

commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:

http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html

http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

Scrapy项目的名字,这将用来构造默认 User-Agent,同时也用来log,当您使用 startproject 命令创建项目时其也被自动赋值。

BOT_NAME = ‘GitHub’

Scrapy搜索spider的模块列表 默认: [xxx.spiders]

SPIDER_MODULES = [‘GitHub.spiders’]

使用 genspider 命令创建新spider的模块。默认: ‘xxx.spiders’

NEWSPIDER_MODULE = ‘GitHub.spiders’

日志的设置(日志的级别)

OFF、FATAL、ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG、ALL六个（由高到低）

还有4个的比较简单（ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG）（由高到低）

LOG_LEVEL = “INFO”

如果不想在控制台打印，就可以存放在一个文件里

LOG_FILE = “GitHub.log”

设置User-Agent（常用）

Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent

USER_AGENT = ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.119 Safari/537.36’

设置是否遵守robot协议（常用而且一般是不遵守的）

Obey robots.txt rules

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

Scrapy downloader设置最大并发数（默认是16个，可以自己设置更多。但是要注意电脑的性能）

Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)

See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay

See also autothrottle settings and docs

设置延迟 （批量的）例如有16个线程，那是16个请求之后休息一段时间。而不是每一个休息一段时间

下载器在下载同一个网站下一个页面前需要等待的时间,该选项可以用来限制爬取速度,减轻服务器压力。同时也支持小数:0.25 以秒为单位

#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3

和上方设置最大并发数是一样功能的设置，只能有一个起作用（下载延迟设置只能有一个有效）

The download delay setting will honor only one of:

对单个网站进行并发请求的最大值。

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16

对单个IP进行并发请求的最大值。如果非0,则忽略 CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN 设定,使用该设定。 也就是说,并发限制将针对IP,而不是网站。该设定也影响 DOWNLOAD_DELAY: 如果 CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP 非0,下载延迟应用在IP而不是网站上

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

禁用cookie(默认是启用)， 意思是禁用cookie

Disable cookies (enabled by default)

#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

禁用telnet控制台（默认启用）

Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)

#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

覆盖默认的请求头

Override the default request headers:

#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {

‘Accept’: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,/;q=0.8’,

‘Accept-Language’: ‘en’,

#}

爬虫中间件

Enable or disable spider middlewares

See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {

‘GitHub.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware’: 543,

#}

下载中间件

Enable or disable downloader middlewares

See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

‘GitHub.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware’: 543,

#}

启用或者禁用扩展

Enable or disable extensions

See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html

#EXTENSIONS = {

‘scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole’: None,

#}

管道

Configure item pipelines

See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

#ITEM_PIPELINES = {

‘GitHub.pipelines.SomePipeline’: 300,

#}

启用和配置AutoThrottle扩展（默认情况下禁用）

Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)

See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html

#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True

初始下载延迟

The initial download delay

#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5

在高延迟情况下设置的最大下载延迟

The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies

#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60

Scrapy平均请求数应与每个远程服务器并行发送

The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to

each remote server

#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0

启用显示收到的每个响应的限制状态：

Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:

#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

启用和配置HTTP缓存（默认情况下禁用）

Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)

See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings

#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = ‘httpcache’
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = ‘scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage’

转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/changdasheng/p/10445852.html