2025-微服务—SpringCloud-1~3

第一章、从Boot和Cloud版本选型开始说起

-- 各个版本
Java17+
cloud 2023.0.0
boot 3.2.0
cloud alibaba  2022.0.0.0-RC2
Maven 3.9+
Mysql 8.0+ 

//不许捣蛋，上述全部版本必须按照要求

1、Springboot版本

springBoot git源码地址
springBoot官网

查看springBoot版本

SpringBoot3.0崛起

	通过上面官网发现，Boot官方强烈建议你使用Java17+升级到3.X以上版本

2、Springcloud版本

Springcloud git源码地址
Springcloud官网

Cloud命名规则

SpringCloud的版发展史

Spring Cloud 采用了英国伦敦地铁站英国伦敦地铁站的名称来命名，并由地铁站名称字母A-Z依次类推的形式来发布迭代版本

SpringCloud是一个由许多子项目组成的综合项目，各子项目有不同的发布节奏。为了管理SpringCloud与各子项目的版本依赖关系，发布了一个清单，其中包括了某个SpringCloud版本对应的子项目版本。为了避免SpringCloud版本号与子项目版本号混淆，
SpringCloud版本采用了名称而非版本号的命名，这些版本的名字采用了伦敦地铁站的名字，根据字母表的顺序来对应版本时间顺序。例如Angel是第一个版本, Brixton是第二个版本。

当SpringCloud的发布内容积累到临界点或者一个重大BUG被解决后，会发布一个"service releases"版本，简称SRX版本，比如Greenwich.SR2就是SpringCloud发布的Greenwich版本的第2个SRX版本。

springcloud(截至2025.1.9)

Spring Cloud

3、Springcloud Alibaba

查看Spring Cloud Alibaba版本—官网

有延后情况，非最新版（不推荐）

SpringCloud Alibaba官网Github说明
毕业版本依赖关系(推荐使用)
Spring Cloud Alibaba版本 参考文档

版本选择

4、本次讲解定稿版

Java17+
cloud 2023.0.0
boot 3.2.0
cloud alibaba 2022.0.0.0-RC2
Maven 3.9+
Mysql 8.0+

SpringCloud VS SpringCloud VS SpringCloud Alibaba版本三者制约对应关系
若同时用boot和cloud，由话事人cloud决定boot版本

注：Spring cloud Alibaba毕业版本依赖关系(推荐使用)

第二章 关于Cloud各种组件的停更/升级/替换

SpringBoot3 小白零基础教程视频
零基础微服务架构理论入门视频

1、微服务介绍

2、SpringCloud是什么？能干吗？产生背景？

让程序员专注于业务逻辑，有第3方支援

3、本次讲解定稿，速通版

4、Netflix OSS被移除的原因

Netflix哪些被移除了？

Spring Cloud Netflix项目进入维护模式 停更不停用;
–被动修复bugs；不再接受合并请求；不再发布新版本

由停更引发的“升级惨案”
2018第一季(旧版）

2020第二季(旧版）
备注: 如果被remove掉的组件，不再使用。

5、2024第三季(新版）

第三章 微服务架构编码Base工程模块构建

1、订单→支付，业务需求说明

2、约定 > 配置 > 编码

1）什么是约定？
springboot springcloud用什么版本
springcloud组件用哪些，约定好pom工程

2）配置
能用配置的就用配置，少动手编码
maven配置，maven测试，yml文件配置

3）编码？
多动手编码（一看就会，一做就废，从入门到劝退。）

3、IDEA新建Project和Maven父工程

微服务cloud整体聚合Maven父工程Project

Maven父工程步骤：

1）New Project

2） 聚合总父工程名字

3）字符编码

4） 注解生效激活

5） java编译版本选17

6） File Type过滤

父工程POM文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <hutool.version>5.8.22</hutool.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.26</lombok.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.20</druid.version>
        <mybatis.springboot.version>3.0.2</mybatis.springboot.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.11</mysql.version>
        <swagger3.version>2.2.0</swagger3.version>
        <mapper.version>4.2.3</mapper.version>
        <fastjson2.version>2.0.40</fastjson2.version>
        <persistence-api.version>1.0.2</persistence-api.version>
        <spring.boot.test.version>3.1.5</spring.boot.test.version>
        <spring.boot.version>3.2.0</spring.boot.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2022.0.0.0-RC2</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--springboot 3.2.0-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--springcloud 2023.0.0-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--springcloud alibaba 2022.0.0.0-RC2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot集成mybatis-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.springboot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--Mysql数据库驱动8 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--通用Mapper4之tk.mybatis-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
                <version>${mapper.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--persistence-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
                <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
                <version>${persistence-api.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- fastjson2 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
                <version>${fastjson2.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
                <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
                <version>${swagger3.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--hutool-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
                <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
                <version>${hutool.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--lombok-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <!-- spring-boot-starter-test -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.test.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

Maven工程落地细节复习

Maven中的DependencyManagement和Dependencies

dependencyManagement Maven 使用dependencyManagement 元素来提供了一种管理依赖版本号的方式。
通常会在一个组织或者项目的最顶层的父POM 中看到dependencyManagement 元素。

使用pom.xml 中的dependencyManagement 元素能让所有在子项目中引用一个依赖而不用显式的列出版本号。

Maven会沿着父子层次向上走，直到找到一个拥有dependencyManagement 元素的项目，然后它就会使用这个

dependencyManagement 元素中指定的版本号。

这样做的好处就是：如果有多个子项目都引用同一样依赖，则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号，
优势：

dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖，并不实现引入，因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。

如果不在子项目中声明依赖，是不会从父项目中继承下来的，只有在子项目中写了该依赖项并且没有指定具体版本，才会从父项目中继承该项 且version和scope都读取自父pom;

• 如果子项目中指定了版本号，那么会使用子项目中指定的jar版本。
  

maven中跳过单元测试

1）配置

< build > <!-- maven 中跳过单元测试  -->
     < plugins >
         < plugin >
             < groupId >org.apache.maven.plugins </ groupId >
             < artifactId >maven-surefire-plugin </ artifactId >
             < configuration >
                 < skip >true </ skip >
             </ configuration >
         </ plugin >
     </ plugins >
</ build >

2）IDEA工具支持(推荐)

mysql驱动说明

Mysql5

# mysql5.7---JDBC四件套
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password =123456
 
# Maven的POM文件处理
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>

Mysql8

# mysql8.0---JDBC四件套
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password =123456

 
# Maven的POM
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.11</version>
</dependency>

4、Mapper4之一键生成

mybatis-generator官网

本次使用Mapper4 MyBatis通用Mapper4官网

下一代：MyBatis 通用 Mapper5官网

一键生成步骤

db2024库t_pay支付信息表SQL

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_pay`;

CREATE TABLE `t_pay` (
  `id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `pay_no` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '支付流水号',
  `order_no` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单流水号',
  `user_id` INT(10) DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '用户账号ID',
  `amount` DECIMAL(8,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '9.9' COMMENT '交易金额',
  `deleted` TINYINT(4) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '删除标志，默认0不删除，1删除',
  `create_time` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
  `update_time` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='支付交易表';

INSERT INTO t_pay(pay_no,order_no) VALUES('pay17203699','6544bafb424a');

SELECT * FROM t_pay;

Module
普通Maven工程— mybatis_generator2024

POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <!--我自己独一份，只是一个普通Maven工程，与boot和cloud无关-->
    <artifactId>mybatis_generator2024</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Mybatis 通用mapper tk单独使用，自己独有+自带版本号-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Mybatis Generator 自己独有+自带版本号-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--通用Mapper-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql8.0-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--persistence-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>${basedir}/src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.4.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <configurationFile>${basedir}/src/main/resources/generatorConfig.xml</configurationFile>
                    <overwrite>true</overwrite>
                    <verbose>true</verbose>
                </configuration>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                        <version>8.0.33</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
                        <version>4.2.3</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置
src\main\resources路径下新建： config.properties

mysql5

#User表包名
package.name=com.atguigu.cloud
# mysql5.7
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password =123456

mysql8

#t_pay表包名
package.name=com.atguigu.cloud

# mysql8.0
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password =123456

src\main\resources路径下新建： generatorConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">

<generatorConfiguration>
    <properties resource="config.properties"/>

    <context id="Mysql" targetRuntime="MyBatis3Simple" defaultModelType="flat">
        <property name="beginningDelimiter" value="`"/>
        <property name="endingDelimiter" value="`"/>

        <plugin type="tk.mybatis.mapper.generator.MapperPlugin">
            <property name="mappers" value="tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper"/>
            <property name="caseSensitive" value="true"/>
        </plugin>

        <jdbcConnection driverClass="${jdbc.driverClass}"
                        connectionURL="${jdbc.url}"
                        userId="${jdbc.user}"
                        password="${jdbc.password}">
        </jdbcConnection>

        <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="${package.name}.entities" targetProject="src/main/java"/>

        <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="${package.name}.mapper" targetProject="src/main/java"/>

        <javaClientGenerator targetPackage="${package.name}.mapper" targetProject="src/main/java" type="XMLMAPPER"/>

        <table tableName="t_pay" domainObjectName="Pay">
            <generatedKey column="id" sqlStatement="JDBC"/>
        </table>
    </context>
</generatorConfiguration>

一键生成：

双击插件mybatis-generator:gererate，
一键生成entity+mapper接口+xml实现SQL

5、Rest通用Base工程构建

工程V1
cloud-provider-payment8001 微服务提供者支付Module模块

微服务小口诀：
1 建module
2 改POM
3 写YML
4 主启动
5 业务类

步骤

建module
建普通Maven模块 cloud-provider-payment8001

创建完成后请回到父工程查看pom文件变化

改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringBoot通用依赖模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis和springboot整合-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Mysql数据库驱动8 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--persistence-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--通用Mapper4-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- fastjson2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.28</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

写YML

server:
  port: 8001

# ==========applicationName + druid-mysql8 driver===================
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service

  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
    username: root
    password: 123456

# ========================mybatis===================
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.cloud.entities
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

业务类

将之前一键生成的代码直接拷贝进8001模块

entities

主实体Pay

 搜索

便笺
package com.atguigu.cloud.entities;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * 表名：t_pay
 * 表注释：支付交易表
*/
@Table(name = "t_pay")
public class Pay {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator = "JDBC")
    private Integer id;

    /**
     * 支付流水号
     */
    @Column(name = "pay_no")
    private String payNo;

    /**
     * 订单流水号
     */
    @Column(name = "order_no")
    private String orderNo;

    /**
     * 用户账号ID
     */
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    private Integer userId;

    /**
     * 交易金额
     */
    private BigDecimal amount;

    /**
     * 删除标志，默认0不删除，1删除
     */
    private Byte deleted;

    /**
     * 创建时间
     */
    @Column(name = "create_time")
    private Date createTime;

    /**
     * 更新时间
     */
    @Column(name = "update_time")
    private Date updateTime;

    /**
     * @return id
     */
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    /**
     * @param id
     */
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    /**
     * 获取支付流水号
     *
     * @return payNo - 支付流水号
     */
    public String getPayNo() {
        return payNo;
    }

    /**
     * 设置支付流水号
     *
     * @param payNo 支付流水号
     */
    public void setPayNo(String payNo) {
        this.payNo = payNo;
    }

    /**
     * 获取订单流水号
     *
     * @return orderNo - 订单流水号
     */
    public String getOrderNo() {
        return orderNo;
    }

    /**
     * 设置订单流水号
     *
     * @param orderNo 订单流水号
     */
    public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
        this.orderNo = orderNo;
    }

    /**
     * 获取用户账号ID
     *
     * @return userId - 用户账号ID
     */
    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    /**
     * 设置用户账号ID
     *
     * @param userId 用户账号ID
     */
    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    /**
     * 获取交易金额
     *
     * @return amount - 交易金额
     */
    public BigDecimal getAmount() {
        return amount;
    }

    /**
     * 设置交易金额
     *
     * @param amount 交易金额
     */
    public void setAmount(BigDecimal amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    /**
     * 获取删除标志，默认0不删除，1删除
     *
     * @return deleted - 删除标志，默认0不删除，1删除
     */
    public Byte getDeleted() {
        return deleted;
    }

    /**
     * 设置删除标志，默认0不删除，1删除
     *
     * @param deleted 删除标志，默认0不删除，1删除
     */
    public void setDeleted(Byte deleted) {
        this.deleted = deleted;
    }

    /**
     * 获取创建时间
     *
     * @return createTime - 创建时间
     */
    public Date getCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }

    /**
     * 设置创建时间
     *
     * @param createTime 创建时间
     */
    public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
        this.createTime = createTime;
    }

    /**
     * 获取更新时间
     *
     * @return updateTime - 更新时间
     */
    public Date getUpdateTime() {
        return updateTime;
    }

    /**
     * 设置更新时间
     *
     * @param updateTime 更新时间
     */
    public void setUpdateTime(Date updateTime) {
        this.updateTime = updateTime;
    }
}

传递数值PayDTO

package com.atguigu.cloud.entities;

import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-03 18:58
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class PayDTO implements Serializable
{
    private Integer id;
    //支付流水号
    private String payNo;
    //订单流水号
    private String orderNo;
    //用户账号ID
    private Integer userId;
    //交易金额
    private BigDecimal amount;
}

mapper

Mapper接口PayMapper

package com.atguigu.cloud.mapper;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper;

public interface PayMapper extends Mapper<Pay> {
}

映射文件PayMapper.xml

src\main\resources路径下，新建文件夹mapper。
拷贝PayMapper.xml进上一步的mapper文件夹

PayMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.cloud.mapper.PayMapper">
  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay">
    <!--
      WARNING - @mbg.generated
    -->
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="pay_no" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="payNo" />
    <result column="order_no" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="orderNo" />
    <result column="user_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="userId" />
    <result column="amount" jdbcType="DECIMAL" property="amount" />
    <result column="deleted" jdbcType="TINYINT" property="deleted" />
    <result column="create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="createTime" />
    <result column="update_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="updateTime" />
  </resultMap>
</mapper>

service

服务接口PayService

package com.atguigu.cloud.service;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-03 18:40
 */
public interface PayService
{
    public int add(Pay pay);
    public int delete(Integer id);
    public int update(Pay pay);
    
    public Pay   getById(Integer id);
    public List<Pay> getAll();
}

实现类PayServiceImpl

package com.atguigu.cloud.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.mapper.PayMapper;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.PayService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-03 18:44
 */
@Service
public class PayServiceImpl implements PayService{
    @Resource
    PayMapper payMapper;
    @Override
    public int add(Pay pay){
        return payMapper.insertSelective(pay);
    }
    @Override
    public int delete(Integer id){
        return payMapper.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
    }
    @Override
    public int update(Pay pay){
        return payMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(pay);
    }
    @Override
    public Pay getById(Integer id){
        return payMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }
    @Override
    public List<Pay> getAll(){
        return payMapper.selectAll();
    }
}

controller

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.PayService;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-03 18:55
 */
@RestController
public class PayController{
    @Resource PayService payService;
    @PostMapping(value = "/pay/add")
    public String addPay(@RequestBody Pay pay){
        System.out.println(pay.toString());
        int i = payService.add(pay);
        return "成功插入记录，返回值："+i;
    }
    @DeleteMapping(value = "/pay/del/{id}")
    public Integer deletePay(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return payService.delete(id);
    }
    @PutMapping(value = "/pay/update")
    public String updatePay(@RequestBody PayDTO payDTO){
        Pay pay = new Pay();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(payDTO, pay);

        int i = payService.update(pay);
        return "成功修改记录，返回值："+i;
    }
    @GetMapping(value = "/pay/get/{id}")
    public Pay getById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return payService.getById(id);
    }//全部查询getall作为家庭作业
}

测试

PostMan
add

{
    "payNo": "17204076",
    "orderNo": "6544de1c424a",
    "userId": "2",
    "amount": "19.90"
}

json测试字段和我们的entity实体类字段一一对应

delete

update

select

Swagger3

Controller 使用@Tag

修改PayController

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.PayService;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-03 18:55
 */
@RestController
@Tag(name = "支付微服务模块",description = "支付CRUD")
public class PayController
{
    @Resource
    PayService payService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/pay/add")
    @Operation(summary = "新增",description = "新增支付流水方法,json串做参数")
    public String addPay(@RequestBody Pay pay)
    {
        System.out.println(pay.toString());
        int i = payService.add(pay);
        return "成功插入记录，返回值："+i;
    }

    @DeleteMapping(value = "/pay/del/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "删除",description = "删除支付流水方法")
    public Integer deletePay(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return payService.delete(id);
    }

    @PutMapping(value = "/pay/update")
    @Operation(summary = "修改",description = "修改支付流水方法")
    public String updatePay(@RequestBody PayDTO payDTO)
    {
        Pay pay = new Pay();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(payDTO, pay);

        int i = payService.update(pay);
        return "成功修改记录，返回值："+i;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/pay/get/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "按照ID查流水",description = "查询支付流水方法")
    public Pay getById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        return payService.getById(id);
    }

    //全部查询getall作为家庭作业
}

方法

@Operation
entity或者DTO

@Schema

含分组迭代的Config配置类

Swagger3Config

package com.atguigu.cloud.config;

import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.ExternalDocumentation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
import org.springdoc.core.models.GroupedOpenApi;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 10:40
 */
@Configuration
public class Swagger3Config
{
    @Bean
    public GroupedOpenApi PayApi()
    {
        return GroupedOpenApi.builder().group("支付微服务模块").pathsToMatch("/pay/**").build();
    }
    @Bean
    public GroupedOpenApi OtherApi()
    {
        return GroupedOpenApi.builder().group("其它微服务模块").pathsToMatch("/other/**", "/others").build();
    }
    /*@Bean
    public GroupedOpenApi CustomerApi()
    {
        return GroupedOpenApi.builder().group("客户微服务模块").pathsToMatch("/customer/**", "/customers").build();
    }*/

    @Bean
    public OpenAPI docsOpenApi()
    {
        return new OpenAPI()
                .info(new Info().title("cloud2024")
                        .description("通用设计rest")
                        .version("v1.0"))
                .externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()
                        .description("www.atguigu.com")
                        .url("https://yiyan.baidu.com/"));
    }
}

调用方式

http://localhost:8001/swagger-ui/index.html

上述模块还有那些问题

1、时间格式问题

时间日志格式的统一和定制情况？

2、Java如何设计API接口实现统一格式返回？

影响前端/小程序/app等交互体验和开发
void、数值、String、对象entity、Map …

看看目前程序返回值情况
故意写了多种返回类值

3、全局异常接入返回的标准格式

有统一返回值+全局统一异常

工程V2

cloud-provider-payment8001 微服务提供者支付Module模块V2改进版++

1 解决：时间格式问题

/**
 * 创建时间
 */
@Column(name = "create_time")
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")
private Date createTime;

/**
 * 更新时间
 */
@Column(name = "update_time")
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")
private Date updateTime;

2 解决：统一返回值

思路：

步骤： 新建枚举类ReturnCodeEnum

HTTP请求返回的状态码

ReturnCodeEnum

package com.atguigu.cloud.resp;

import lombok.Getter;

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 11:51
 */
@Getter
public enum ReturnCodeEnum
{
    /**操作失败**/
    RC999("999","操作XXX失败"),
    /**操作成功**/
    RC200("200","success"),
    /**服务降级**/
    RC201("201","服务开启降级保护,请稍后再试!"),
    /**热点参数限流**/
    RC202("202","热点参数限流,请稍后再试!"),
    /**系统规则不满足**/
    RC203("203","系统规则不满足要求,请稍后再试!"),
    /**授权规则不通过**/
    RC204("204","授权规则不通过,请稍后再试!"),
    /**access_denied**/
    RC403("403","无访问权限,请联系管理员授予权限"),
    /**access_denied**/
    RC401("401","匿名用户访问无权限资源时的异常"),
    RC404("404","404页面找不到的异常"),
    /**服务异常**/
    RC500("500","系统异常，请稍后重试"),
    RC375("375","数学运算异常，请稍后重试"),

    INVALID_TOKEN("2001","访问令牌不合法"),
    ACCESS_DENIED("2003","没有权限访问该资源"),
    CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED("1001","客户端认证失败"),
    USERNAME_OR_PASSWORD_ERROR("1002","用户名或密码错误"),
    BUSINESS_ERROR("1004","业务逻辑异常"),
    UNSUPPORTED_GRANT_TYPE("1003", "不支持的认证模式");

    /**自定义状态码**/
    private final String code;
    /**自定义描述**/
    private final String message;

    ReturnCodeEnum(String code, String message){
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    //遍历枚举V1
    public static ReturnCodeEnum getReturnCodeEnum(String code)
    {
        for (ReturnCodeEnum element : ReturnCodeEnum.values()) {
            if(element.getCode().equalsIgnoreCase(code))
            {
                return element;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    //遍历枚举V2
    public static ReturnCodeEnum getReturnCodeEnumV2(String code)
    {
        return Arrays.stream(ReturnCodeEnum.values()).filter(x -> x.getCode().equalsIgnoreCase(code)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }


    /*public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        System.out.println(getReturnCodeEnumV2("200"));
        System.out.println(getReturnCodeEnumV2("200").getCode());
        System.out.println(getReturnCodeEnumV2("200").getMessage());
    }*/
}

新建统一定义返回对象ResultData

ResultData

package com.atguigu.cloud.resp;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 11:59
 */
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class ResultData<T> {

    private String code;/** 结果状态 ,具体状态码参见枚举类ReturnCodeEnum.java*/
    private String message;
    private T data;
    private long timestamp ;


    public ResultData (){
        this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    public static <T> ResultData<T> success(T data) {
        ResultData<T> resultData = new ResultData<>();
        resultData.setCode(ReturnCodeEnum.RC200.getCode());
        resultData.setMessage(ReturnCodeEnum.RC200.getMessage());
        resultData.setData(data);
        return resultData;
    }

    public static <T> ResultData<T> fail(String code, String message) {
        ResultData<T> resultData = new ResultData<>();
        resultData.setCode(code);
        resultData.setMessage(message);

        return resultData;
    }

}

修改PayController

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.PayService;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-12 22:34
 */
@RestController
@Tag(name = "支付微服务模块",description = "支付CRUD")
public class PayController
{
    @Resource
    PayService payService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/pay/add")
    @Operation(summary = "新增",description = "新增支付流水方法,json串做参数")
    public ResultData<String> addPay(@RequestBody Pay pay)
    {
        System.out.println(pay.toString());
        int i = payService.add(pay);
        return ResultData.success("成功插入记录，返回值："+i);
    }

    @DeleteMapping(value = "/pay/del/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "删除",description = "删除支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<Integer> deletePay(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        int i = payService.delete(id);
        return ResultData.success(i);
    }

    @PutMapping(value = "/pay/update")
    @Operation(summary = "修改",description = "修改支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<String> updatePay(@RequestBody PayDTO payDTO)
    {
        Pay pay = new Pay();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(payDTO, pay);

        int i = payService.update(pay);
        return ResultData.success("成功修改记录，返回值："+i);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/pay/get/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "按照ID查流水",description = "查询支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<Pay> getById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        Pay pay = payService.getById(id);
        return ResultData.success(pay);
    }

    //全部查询getall作为家庭作业
}

 

测试 ：http://localhost:8001/pay/get/1

结论： 通过ResultData.success()对返回结果进行包装后返回给前端

优化驱动力 ???

查询方法写个bug

if(id == -4) throw new RuntimeException(“id不能为负数”);

3 解决：全局异常接入返回的标准格式

新建全局异常类GlobalExceptionHandler

package com.atguigu.cloud.exp;

import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ReturnCodeEnum;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 12:20
 */
@Slf4j
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler
{
    /**
     * 默认全局异常处理。
     * @param e the e
     * @return ResultData
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    public ResultData<String> exception(Exception e) {
        System.out.println("----come in GlobalExceptionHandler");
        log.error("全局异常信息exception:{}", e.getMessage(), e);
        return ResultData.fail(ReturnCodeEnum.RC500.getCode(),e.getMessage());
    }
}

修改Controller

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ReturnCodeEnum;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.PayService;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-12-12 22:34
 */
@RestController
@Tag(name = "支付微服务模块",description = "支付CRUD")
public class PayController
{
    @Resource
    PayService payService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/pay/add")
    @Operation(summary = "新增",description = "新增支付流水方法,json串做参数")
    public ResultData<String> addPay(@RequestBody Pay pay)
    {
        System.out.println(pay.toString());
        int i = payService.add(pay);
        return ResultData.success("成功插入记录，返回值："+i);
    }

    @DeleteMapping(value = "/pay/del/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "删除",description = "删除支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<Integer> deletePay(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        int i = payService.delete(id);
        return ResultData.success(i);
    }

    @PutMapping(value = "/pay/update")
    @Operation(summary = "修改",description = "修改支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<String> updatePay(@RequestBody PayDTO payDTO)
    {
        Pay pay = new Pay();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(payDTO, pay);

        int i = payService.update(pay);
        return ResultData.success("成功修改记录，返回值："+i);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/pay/get/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "按照ID查流水",description = "查询支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<Pay> getById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        if(id == -4) throw new RuntimeException("id不能为负数");

        Pay pay = payService.getById(id);
        return ResultData.success(pay);
    }

    //全部查询getall作为家庭作业

    @RequestMapping(value = "/pay/error",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ResultData<Integer> getPayError()
    {
        Integer i = Integer.valueOf(200);
        try
        {
            System.out.println("--------come here");
            int data = 10/0;
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ResultData.fail(ReturnCodeEnum.RC500.getCode(),e.getMessage());
        }
        return ResultData.success(i);
    }
}

目前工程目录结构

6、引入微服务理念，从这里开始

订单微服务80如何才能调用到支付微服务8001？

cloud-consumer-order80微服务调用者订单Module模块

1. 建cloud-consumer-order80
2. 改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!--web + actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-all-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--fastjson2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3. 写YML

server:
  port: 80

4. 主启动(修改Main类名为Main80)

package com.atguigu.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 15:19
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main80
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(Main80.class,args);
    }
}

5. 业务类

entities
传递数值PayDTO

package com.atguigu.cloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 15:28
 *
 * 一般而言，调用者不应该获悉服务提供者的entity资源并知道表结构关系，所以服务提供方给出的

      接口文档都都应成为DTO
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class PayDTO implements Serializable
{
    private Integer id;
    //支付流水号
    private String payNo;
    //订单流水号
    private String orderNo;
    //用户账号ID
    private Integer userId;
    //交易金额
    private BigDecimal amount;
}
 

ResultData统一返回值也从8001拷贝进来

RestTemplate

RestTemplate 是什么？
RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，

是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集

RestTemplate 官网

RestTemplate 常用API使用说明

使用说明

使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。
(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class) 这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。

getForObject方法/getForEntity方法

返回对象为响应体中数据转化成的对象，基本上可以理解为Json

返回对象为ResponseEntity对象，包含了响应中的一些重要信息，比如响应头、响应状态码、响应体等

postForObject/postForEntity

GET请求方法

<T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);

<T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);

<T> T getForObject(URI url, Class<T> responseType);

<T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);

<T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);

<T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(URI var1, Class<T> responseType);

POST请求方法

<T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);

<T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);

<T> T postForObject(URI url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType);

<T> ResponseEntity<T> postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);

<T> ResponseEntity<T> postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);

<T> ResponseEntity<T> postForEntity(URI url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType);

config配置类

package com.atguigu.cloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 15:57
 */
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig
{
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

controller

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @auther zzyy
 * @create 2023-11-04 16:00
 */
@RestController
public class OrderController{
    public static final String PaymentSrv_URL = "http://localhost:8001";//先写死，硬编码
        @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * 一般情况下，通过浏览器的地址栏输入url，发送的只能是get请求
     * 我们底层调用的是post方法，模拟消费者发送get请求，客户端消费者
     * 参数可以不添加@RequestBody
     * @param payDTO
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/consumer/pay/add")
    public ResultData addOrder(PayDTO payDTO){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PaymentSrv_URL + "/pay/add",payDTO,ResultData.class);
    }
    // 删除+修改操作作为家庭作业，O(∩_∩)O。。。。。。。
    @GetMapping("/consumer/pay/get/{id}")
    public ResultData getPayInfo(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PaymentSrv_URL + "/pay/get/"+id, ResultData.class, id);
    }
}
 

6. Postman测试
   http://localhost/consumer/pay/get/1
   http://localhost/consumer/pay/addpayNo=1213&orderNo=1213&userId=2&amount=3.33
   作业：删除+修改操作

工程重构
观察问题—系统中有重复部分，重构

新建Module
1.cloud-api-commons
2.对外暴露通用的组件/api/接口/工具类等

改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV6</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>



    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringBoot通用依赖模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

entities

1. PayDTO
2. 统一返回
   

全局异常类，可加可不加，酌情

maven命令clean install

订单80和支付8001分别改造

1. 删除各自的原先有过的entities和统一返回体等内容
2. 各自粘贴POM内容

<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

80

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--web + actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-all-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--fastjson2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

8001

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringBoot通用依赖模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis和springboot整合-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Mysql数据库驱动8 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--persistence-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--通用Mapper4-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- fastjson2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.28</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

postman测试

http://localhost/consumer/pay/get/1
http://localhost/consumer/pay/add?payNo=1213&orderNo=1213&userId=2&amount=3.33

作业： 删除+修改操作

目前工程样图

截至到目前，没有引入任何 SpringCloud 相关内容

7、为什么要引入微服务

上一步controller问题？？？
硬编码写死问题

微服务所在的IP地址和端口号 硬编码 到订单微服务中，会存在非常多的问题

（1）如果订单微服务和支付微服务的IP地址或者端口号发生了变化，则支付微服务将变得不可用，需要同步修改订单微服务中调用支付微服务的IP地址和端口号。
（2）如果系统中提供了多个订单微服务和支付微服务，则无法实现微服务的负载均衡功能。
（3）如果系统需要支持更高的并发，需要部署更多的订单微服务和支付微服务，硬编码订单微服务则后续的维护会变得异常复杂。

所以，在微服务开发的过程中，需要引入服务治理功能，实现微服务之间的动态注册与发现，从此刻开始我们正式进入SpringCloud实战。