android 网络技术

WebView

在应用程序中打开网页的控件。
因为需要使用到网络的功能所以必须在Manifest文件中声明权限

<user-permission android:name="android.permisson.INTERNET"/>

使用：取得此控件对象

webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnable(true);
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient());
webView.loadUrl("http://www.baidu.com");

使用HttpURLConnection

package com.example.networktest;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    TextView responseText;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button sendRequest = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        responseText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if (v.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
//            sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
            sendRequestWithOkHttp();
        }
    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
        // 开启线程来发起网络请求
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                BufferedReader reader = null;
                try {
                    URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    // 下面对获取到的输入流进行读取
                    reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponse(response.toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    if (reader != null) {
                        try {
                            reader.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (connection != null) {
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            // 指定访问的服务器地址是电脑本机
                            .url("http://10.0.2.2/get_data.json")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    parseJSONWithGSON(responseData);
//                    parseJSONWithJSONObject(responseData);
//                    parseXMLWithSAX(responseData);
//                    parseXMLWithPull(responseData);
//                    showResponse(responseData);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void parseXMLWithPull(String xmlData) {
        try {
            XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
            XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
            xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
            int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
            String id = "";
            String name = "";
            String version = "";
            while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
                switch (eventType) {
                    // 开始解析某个结点
                    case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: {
                        if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
                            id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                        } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
                            name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                        } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
                            version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    // 完成解析某个结点
                    case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: {
                        if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
                            Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
                            Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
                            Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        break;
                }
                eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void parseXMLWithSAX(String xmlData) {
        try {
            SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
            XMLReader xmlReader = factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
            ContentHandler handler = new ContentHandler();
            // 将ContentHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中
            xmlReader.setContentHandler(handler);
            // 开始执行解析
            xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlData)));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String jsonData) {
        try {
            JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData);
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
                String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
                String version = jsonObject.getString("version");
                Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
                Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
                Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void parseJSONWithGSON(String jsonData) {
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        List<App> appList = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<App>>() {}.getType());
        for (App app : appList) {
            Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + app.getId());
            Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + app.getName());
            Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + app.getVersion());
        }
    }

    private void showResponse(final String response) {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // 在这里进行UI操作，将结果显示到界面上
                responseText.setText(response);
            }
        });
    }

}

使用OkHttp

添加依赖

compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'

具体用法：
创建okHttpClient实例 正常new
发起一条request，需要创建一个request对象
Request request = new Request.Builder().build();
这里创建的是一个空的request，可以像创建notification那样来设置其内容
之后调用OkHttpClient的newcall()方法创建一个cal对象，并调用其execute（）方法
例子：Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
其中response就是从服务器返回的数据的对象，可以通过如下方式获得其内容
String data = response.body().string();
用post请求
先构造一个RequestBody对象
RequestBody requestbody = new FormBody.Builder()
.add(“key”,“value”)
.build();
在设置request时传入该对象
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(“http://www.baidu.com”)
.post(requestBody)
.build();

网络编程的最佳实践

当程序中多出需要发起网络请求时，我们可以把网络操作提到一个共有类将其封装成为一个工具，但很多时候网络请求很耗时，可能会造成主线程阻塞，这时可以通过java的回调机制来处理
定义一个接口：

我的理解即在子线程进行网络连接等操作，在调用sednHttpRequst方法时除了传request还将在网络操作结束后已经封装好操作的listner传入，这样就可以在子线程来处理后续的操作，如果要执行UI操作则需要借助runUiThread（）方法来进行线程转换。
下面是同样的用okhttp实现：

public interface HttpCallbackListener {

    void onFinish(String response);

    void onError(Exception e);

}

HttpUtil代码

package com.example.networktest;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import okhttp3.Callback;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class HttpUtil {

    public static void sendHttpRequest(final String address, final HttpCallbackListener listener) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                try {
                    URL url = new URL(address);
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setDoInput(true);
                    connection.setDoOutput(true);
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    if (listener != null) {
                        // 回调onFinish()方法
                        listener.onFinish(response.toString());
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (listener != null) {
                        // 回调onError()方法
                        listener.onError(e);
                    }
                } finally {
                    if (connection != null) {
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    public static void sendOkHttpRequest(final String address, final okhttp3.Callback callback) {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(address)
                .build();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(callback);
    }

}