Linux修复磁盘坏道，重新挂载硬盘

修复磁盘

挂载报错：

[root@localhost ~]$ mount /dev/sdb /mnt/mydev

mount: /dev/sdb is write-protected, mounting read-only
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error

       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail or so.

检查文件系统也报错：

[root@localhost ~]$ fsck -f /dev/sdb

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
fsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
fsck.ext2: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>

使用提示命令修复失败：

[root@localhost ~]$ e2fsck -b 8193 /dev/sdb

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>

磁盘坏道
重新格式化：

[root@localhost ~]$ mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
244056064 inodes, 976224256 blocks
48811212 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=3124756480
29792 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

再次检查状态，已经正常：

[root@localhost ~]$ fsck -f /dev/sdb

fsck from util-linux 2.23.2
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sdb: 11/244056064 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 15378664/976224256 blocks

挂载磁盘

列出系统中当前连接的硬盘：

[root@localhost ~]$ fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 292.3 GB, 292326211584 bytes, 570949632 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00024085

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   570949631   284425216   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 3998.6 GB, 3998614552576 bytes, 7809794048 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

/dev/sdb是新的物理盘，没有逻辑分区，需要先分区：

[root@localhost ~]$ fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-4294967295, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4294967294, default 4294967294): 
Using default value 4294967294
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 TiB is set

查看刚刚创建的新分区：

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3998.6 GB, 3998614552576 bytes, 7809794048 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe0692258

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048  4294967294  2147482623+  83  Linux

确认并保存修改：

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

格式化新分区

[root@localhost ~]$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
134217728 inodes, 536870655 blocks
26843532 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
16384 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

挂载：

[root@localhost ~]$ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/mydev/

查看：

[root@localhost ~]$ df -h

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  9.3G   41G  19% /
devtmpfs                  48G     0   48G   0% /dev
tmpfs                     48G     0   48G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     48G   34M   48G   1% /run
tmpfs                     48G     0   48G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  180M  835M  18% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home  218G   57M  218G   1% /home
tmpfs                    9.5G   52K  9.5G   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc4                 29G  4.3G   25G  15% /run/media/uxdb/CentOS 7 x8
/dev/sdb1                2.0T   81M  1.9T   1% /mnt/mydev