iOS - Swift Dictionary 字典

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 10:17:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 10:17:44 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43172830/article/details/83748781

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前言

    public struct Dictionary<Key : Hashable, Value> : CollectionType, DictionaryLiteralConvertible
    public class NSDictionary : NSObject, NSCopying, NSMutableCopying, NSSecureCoding, NSFastEnumeration

字典用于存储无序的数据元素值，它可以存储任何类型的元素，甚至可以将数组作为字典的元素。

1、Dictionary 与 NSDictionary 的相互转换

Dictionary 与 NSDictionary 之间可以直接相互转换。Dictionary 转转成 NSDictionary 时，数组中的各项元素被转换为 AnyObject 类型。NSDictionary 转换成 Dictionary 时，数组中的各项元素也被转换为 AnyObject 类型。

    let dictinoary:[String:String] = ["key1":"value1", "key2":"value"]
        
    // Dictionary 转 NSDictionary
            
        // Dictionary 转换成 NSDictionary<AnyObject, AnyObject> 型
        let nsDictionary1:NSDictionary = dictinoary
        
        // Dictionary 转换成 NSDictionary<AnyObject, AnyObject> 型
        let nsDictionary2:NSDictionary = dictinoary as NSDictionary
            
    // NSDictionary 转 Dictionary
            
        // NSDictionary 转换成 Dictionary<AnyObject, AnyObject> 型
        let swiftDictionary1:Dictionary = nsDictionary1 as Dictionary
        
        // NSDictionary 转换成 Dictionary<String, String> 型
        let swiftDictionary2:Dictionary = nsDictionary1 as! [String:String]

2、字典的创建

    // Dictionary 型字典
            
        // 创建字典变量，指定数据类型为 Int 型
        let dic1 = [String:Int]()
        
        // 创建字典变量，Dictionary<String, Int> 等价于 [String:Int]
        let dic2 = Dictionary<String, Int>()
        
        // 创建字典变量，不指定数据类型
        let dic3:Dictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2]
        
        // 创建字典变量，指定数据类型为 Int 型
        let dic4:Dictionary<String, Int> = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3]
        
        // 创建字典变量，不指定数据类型
        let dic5 = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
        
        // 创建指定数据类型的字典
        let dic6:[String:Int] = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
        
        // 创建指定数据类型的字典
        let dic7:[String:AnyObject] = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":"value3", "key4":4]
            
    // NSDictionary 型字典
            
        let swiftDictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
            
        let nsdic1:NSDictionary = swiftDictionary
        let nsdic2:NSDictionary = swiftDictionary as NSDictionary
            
        let nsdic3:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: swiftDictionary)
        let nsdic4:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        let nsdic5:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(object: "nsdic5", forKey: "key1")
        let nsdic6:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(objects: ["nsdic6", 2], forKeys: ["key1", "key2"])
        let nsdic7:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionaryLiteral: ("key1", "nsdic7"), 
                                                                  ("key2", 2), 
                                                                  ("key3", 3), 
                                                                  ("key4", 4))
        
        // 从 文件 创建字符串
        let nsdic8:NSDictionary? = NSDictionary(contentsOfFile: NSHomeDirectory() + "/Desktop/test.txt")
            
        // 从 Url 创建字符串                            
        let nsdic9:NSDictionary? = NSDictionary(contentsOfURL: NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSHomeDirectory() + 
                                                                                      "/Desktop/test.txt"))

3、字典元素个数的计算

    // Dictionary 或 NSDictionary 型字典
        
    let dic = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
        
    let num:Int = dic.count

4、通过 key 找对应的 value

    // Dictionary 型字典
            
        var dic:Dictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
            
        // 获取字典中指定 key 对应的值
        let value1 = dic["key2"]
            
    // NSDictionary 型字典

        let nsDic:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        // 获取字典中指定 key 对应的值
        let value2:AnyObject? = nsDic["key2"]
        
        // 获取字典中指定 key 对应的值
        let value3:AnyObject? = nsDic.objectForKey("key2")
        
        // 获取字典中指定 key 对应的值，key 的值不存在时返回指定的字符串
        let value4 = nsDic.objectsForKeys(["key3", "key4", "key5"], notFoundMarker: "not found")

5、通过 value 找对应的 key

    // NSDictionary 型字典
            
        let nsDic:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":3, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        let keys:AnyObject = nsDic.allKeysForObject(3)

6、字典中所有 key 的获取

    // Dictionary 型字典
            
        let dic:Dictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
            
        let keys1 = dic.keys
        
    // NSDictionary 型字典
            
        let nsDic:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        let keys2 = nsDic.allKeys

7、字典中所有 value 的获取

    // Dictionary 型字典
            
        let dic:Dictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
            
        let values1 = dic.values
            
    // NSDictionary 型字典
            
        let nsDic:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        let values2 = nsDic.allValues

8、字典键值对的追加

    // Dictionary 型字典
            
        var dic:Dictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
            
        // key 不存在时，追加键值对（key 值为新增的，若 key 值已存在则为修改对应的 value 值）
        dic["key5"] = 5
            
    // NSDictionary 型字典
        
        let nsDic:NSMutableDictionary = NSMutableDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        // key 不存在时，追加键值对（key 值为新增的，若 key 值已存在则为修改对应的 value 值）
        nsDic["key5"] = 5
        
        // 向字典末尾追加一个字典
        nsDic.addEntriesFromDictionary(["key6":6, "key7":7])

9、字典键值对的修改

    // Dictionary 型字典
            
        var dic:Dictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
            
        // key 存在时，修改其值
        dic["key4"] = 100
        
        // 修改指定的 key 对应的值
        dic.updateValue(44, forKey: "key4")
            
    // NSDictionary 型字典
        
        let nsDic:NSMutableDictionary = NSMutableDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        // key 存在时，修改其值
        nsDic["key3"] = 33
        
        // 修改指定的 key 对应的值
        nsDic.setObject(100, forKey: "key4")
        
        // 修改整个字典
        nsDic.setDictionary(["key6":6, "key7":7])

10、字典键值对的删除

    // Dictionary 型字典
            
        var dic:Dictionary = ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4]
            
        // 删除指定 key 对应的值
        dic.removeValueForKey("key2")
        
        // 删除字典的所有元素
        dic.removeAll(keepCapacity: true)
            
    // NSDictionary 型字典
            
        let nsDic:NSMutableDictionary = NSMutableDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        // 删除指定 key 对应的值
        nsDic.removeObjectForKey("key2")
        
        // 删除指定 key 对应的值
        nsDic.removeObjectsForKeys(["key1", "key4"])
        
        // 删除字典的所有元素
        nsDic.removeAllObjects()

11、字典遍历

    // NSDictionary 型字典
        
        let nsDic:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":1, "key2":2, "key3":3, "key4":4])
            
        // for...in 循环
                
            // 遍历出的为 key-value 的元组, key 不需要可以用 _ 替代
            for (_, obj) in nsDic {
                
                print(obj)
            }
                
        // 闭包遍历
                
            nsDic.enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock { (key:AnyObject, obj:AnyObject, stop:UnsafeMutablePointer<ObjCBool>) in
             
                print(obj)
            }
                
        // 迭代器遍历
                
            // key 迭代器
            
                let keyEnu:NSEnumerator = nsDic.keyEnumerator()
                    
                while let key:AnyObject = keyEnu.nextObject() {
                    
                    print(nsDic.objectForKey(key))
                }
                
            // 对象迭代器
            
                let objEnu:NSEnumerator = nsDic.objectEnumerator()
                    
                while let obj:AnyObject = objEnu.nextObject() {
                    
                    print(obj)
                }

12、字典排序

    // NSDictionary 型字典
            
        let nsDic:NSDictionary = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["key1":"value1", "key2":"value2", "key3":"value3", "key4":"value4"])
            
        // 用闭包排序
                
            let keys1 = nsDic.keysSortedByValueUsingComparator { (obj1:AnyObject, obj2:AnyObject) -> NSComparisonResult in
               
                return (obj1 as! String).compare(obj2 as! String)
            }
                
            for key in keys1 {
                print(nsDic.objectForKey(key))
            }
            
        // 用指定的方法排序
                
            let keys2 = nsDic.keysSortedByValueUsingSelector(#selector(NSNumber.compare(_:)))
                
            for key in keys2 {
                print(nsDic.objectForKey(key))
            }