文章出处:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38305440/article/details/102775484
目录
- 环境
- 1.创建空项目
- 2.commons 通用项目
- 3.item service 商品服务
- 4.user service 用户服务
- 5. order service 订单服务
- 7.eureka 注册与发现
- 8.service provider 服务提供者
- 9. eureka 和 “服务提供者”的高可用
- 10. ribbon 服务消费者
- 11. ribbon 负载均衡和重试
- 12. Hystrix 断路器(降级、熔断)
- 13. hystrix dashboard 断路器仪表盘
- 14. feign 声明式客户端接口
- 15. feign + ribbon 负载均衡和重试
- 16. feign + hystrix 降级
- 16. feign + hystrix 降级
环境
开发工具:IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3
idea插件:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43187081/article/details/112303444
1.创建空项目
创建项目还有另外一种方式,在另外一篇文章里,链接:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43187081/article/details/110948922
2.commons 通用项目
2.1创建详细步骤
2.2结构如下
2.3 pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-jdk8</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-guava</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.26</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.4 java 源文件
pojo
Item
package cn.tedu.sp01.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Item {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer number;
}
User
package cn.tedu.sp01.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
}
Order
package cn.tedu.sp01.pojo;
import java.util.List;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Order {
private String id;
private User user;
private List<Item> items;
}
service
ItemService
package cn.tedu.sp01.service;
import java.util.List;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
public interface ItemService {
List<Item> getItems(String orderId);
void decreaseNumbers(List<Item> list);
}
UserService
package cn.tedu.sp01.service;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
public interface UserService {
User getUser(Integer id);
void addScore(Integer id, Integer score);
}
OrderService
package cn.tedu.sp01.service;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
public interface OrderService {
Order getOrder(String orderId);
void addOrder(Order order);
}
util
CookieUtil
package cn.tedu.web.util;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class CookieUtil {
/**
* @param response
* @param name
* @param value
* @param maxAge
*/
public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response,
String name, String value, String domain, String path, int maxAge) {
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(name, value);
if(domain != null) {
cookie.setDomain(domain);
}
cookie.setPath(path);
cookie.setMaxAge(maxAge);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String value, int maxAge) {
setCookie(response, name, value, null, "/", maxAge);
}
public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String value) {
setCookie(response, name, value, null, "/", 3600);
}
public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name) {
setCookie(response, name, "", null, "/", 3600);
}
/**
* @param request
* @param name
* @return
*/
public static String getCookie(HttpServletRequest request, String name) {
String value = null;
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
if (null != cookies) {
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if (cookie.getName().equals(name)) {
value = cookie.getValue();
}
}
}
return value;
}
/**
* @param response
* @param name
* @return
*/
public static void removeCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String domain, String path) {
setCookie(response, name, "", domain, path, 0);
}
}
JsonUtil
package cn.tedu.web.util;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.guava.GuavaModule;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jdk8.Jdk8Module;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.paramnames.ParameterNamesModule;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class JsonUtil {
private static ObjectMapper mapper;
private static JsonInclude.Include DEFAULT_PROPERTY_INCLUSION = JsonInclude.Include.NON_DEFAULT;
private static boolean IS_ENABLE_INDENT_OUTPUT = false;
private static String CSV_DEFAULT_COLUMN_SEPARATOR = ",";
static {
try {
initMapper();
configPropertyInclusion();
configIndentOutput();
configCommon();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("jackson config error", e);
}
}
private static void initMapper() {
mapper = new ObjectMapper();
}
private static void configCommon() {
config(mapper);
}
private static void configPropertyInclusion() {
mapper.setSerializationInclusion(DEFAULT_PROPERTY_INCLUSION);
}
private static void configIndentOutput() {
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, IS_ENABLE_INDENT_OUTPUT);
}
private static void config(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
objectMapper.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.WRITE_BIGDECIMAL_AS_PLAIN);
objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_EMPTY_STRING_AS_NULL_OBJECT);
objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_SINGLE_VALUE_AS_ARRAY);
objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_READING_DUP_TREE_KEY);
objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NUMBERS_FOR_ENUMS);
objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);
objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NULL_FOR_PRIMITIVES);
objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS);
objectMapper.enable(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_COMMENTS);
objectMapper.disable(JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_NON_ASCII);
objectMapper.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.IGNORE_UNKNOWN);
objectMapper.enable(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_UNQUOTED_FIELD_NAMES);
objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
objectMapper.enable(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_SINGLE_QUOTES);
objectMapper.registerModule(new ParameterNamesModule());
objectMapper.registerModule(new Jdk8Module());
objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());
objectMapper.registerModule(new GuavaModule());
}
public static void setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include inclusion) {
DEFAULT_PROPERTY_INCLUSION = inclusion;
configPropertyInclusion();
}
public static void setIndentOutput(boolean isEnable) {
IS_ENABLE_INDENT_OUTPUT = isEnable;
configIndentOutput();
}
public static <V> V from(URL url, Class<V> c) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(url, c);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, url: {}, type: {}", url.getPath(), c, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(InputStream inputStream, Class<V> c) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(inputStream, c);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, type: {}", c, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(File file, Class<V> c) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(file, c);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, file path: {}, type: {}", file.getPath(), c, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(Object jsonObj, Class<V> c) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(jsonObj.toString(), c);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", jsonObj.toString(), c, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(String json, Class<V> c) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(json, c);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", json, c, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(URL url, TypeReference<V> type) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(url, type);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, url: {}, type: {}", url.getPath(), type, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(InputStream inputStream, TypeReference<V> type) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(inputStream, type);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, type: {}", type, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(File file, TypeReference<V> type) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(file, type);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, file path: {}, type: {}", file.getPath(), type, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(Object jsonObj, TypeReference<V> type) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(jsonObj.toString(), type);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", jsonObj.toString(), type, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> V from(String json, TypeReference<V> type) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(json, type);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", json, type, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> String to(List<V> list) {
try {
return mapper.writeValueAsString(list);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
log.error("jackson to error, obj: {}", list, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> String to(V v) {
try {
return mapper.writeValueAsString(v);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
log.error("jackson to error, obj: {}", v, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <V> void toFile(String path, List<V> list) {
try (Writer writer = new FileWriter(new File(path), true)) {
mapper.writer().writeValues(writer).writeAll(list);
writer.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("jackson to file error, path: {}, list: {}", path, list, e);
}
}
public static <V> void toFile(String path, V v) {
try (Writer writer = new FileWriter(new File(path), true)) {
mapper.writer().writeValues(writer).write(v);
writer.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("jackson to file error, path: {}, obj: {}", path, v, e);
}
}
public static String getString(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return null;
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).toString();
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get string error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return null;
}
}
public static Integer getInt(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return null;
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).intValue();
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get int error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return null;
}
}
public static Long getLong(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return null;
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).longValue();
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get long error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return null;
}
}
public static Double getDouble(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return null;
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).doubleValue();
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get double error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return null;
}
}
public static BigInteger getBigInteger(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return new BigInteger(String.valueOf(0.00));
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).bigIntegerValue();
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get biginteger error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return null;
}
}
public static BigDecimal getBigDecimal(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return null;
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).decimalValue();
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get bigdecimal error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return null;
}
}
public static boolean getBoolean(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return false;
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).booleanValue();
} else {
return false;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get boolean error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return false;
}
}
public static byte[] getByte(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return null;
}
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
if (null != node) {
return node.get(key).binaryValue();
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson get byte error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return null;
}
}
public static <T> ArrayList<T> getList(String json, String key) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
return null;
}
String string = getString(json, key);
return from(string, new TypeReference<ArrayList<T>>() {});
}
public static <T> String add(String json, String key, T value) {
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
add(node, key, value);
return node.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson add error, json: {}, key: {}, value: {}", json, key, value, e);
return json;
}
}
private static <T> void add(JsonNode jsonNode, String key, T value) {
if (value instanceof String) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (String) value);
} else if (value instanceof Short) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Short) value);
} else if (value instanceof Integer) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Integer) value);
} else if (value instanceof Long) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Long) value);
} else if (value instanceof Float) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Float) value);
} else if (value instanceof Double) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Double) value);
} else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (BigDecimal) value);
} else if (value instanceof BigInteger) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (BigInteger) value);
} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Boolean) value);
} else if (value instanceof byte[]) {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (byte[]) value);
} else {
((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, to(value));
}
}
public static String remove(String json, String key) {
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
((ObjectNode) node).remove(key);
return node.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson remove error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
return json;
}
}
public static <T> String update(String json, String key, T value) {
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
((ObjectNode) node).remove(key);
add(node, key, value);
return node.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson update error, json: {}, key: {}, value: {}", json, key, value, e);
return json;
}
}
public static String format(String json) {
try {
JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
return mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(node);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("jackson format json error, json: {}", json, e);
return json;
}
}
public static boolean isJson(String json) {
try {
mapper.readTree(json);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("jackson check json error, json: {}", json, e);
return false;
}
}
private static InputStream getResourceStream(String name) {
return JsonUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(name);
}
private static InputStreamReader getResourceReader(InputStream inputStream) {
if (null == inputStream) {
return null;
}
return new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
JsonResult
package cn.tedu.web.util;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
@Getter
@Setter
public class JsonResult<T> {
/** 成功 */
public static final int SUCCESS = 200;
/** 没有登录 */
public static final int NOT_LOGIN = 400;
/** 发生异常 */
public static final int EXCEPTION = 401;
/** 系统错误 */
public static final int SYS_ERROR = 402;
/** 参数错误 */
public static final int PARAMS_ERROR = 403;
/** 不支持或已经废弃 */
public static final int NOT_SUPPORTED = 410;
/** AuthCode错误 */
public static final int INVALID_AUTHCODE = 444;
/** 太频繁的调用 */
public static final int TOO_FREQUENT = 445;
/** 未知的错误 */
public static final int UNKNOWN_ERROR = 499;
private int code;
private String msg;
private T data;
public static JsonResult build() {
return new JsonResult();
}
public static JsonResult build(int code) {
return new JsonResult().code(code);
}
public static JsonResult build(int code, String msg) {
return new JsonResult<String>().code(code).msg(msg);
}
public static <T> JsonResult<T> build(int code, T data) {
return new JsonResult<T>().code(code).data(data);
}
public static <T> JsonResult<T> build(int code, String msg, T data) {
return new JsonResult<T>().code(code).msg(msg).data(data);
}
public JsonResult<T> code(int code) {
this.code = code;
return this;
}
public JsonResult<T> msg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
return this;
}
public JsonResult<T> data(T data) {
this.data = data;
return this;
}
public static JsonResult ok() {
return build(SUCCESS);
}
public static JsonResult ok(String msg) {
return build(SUCCESS, msg);
}
public static <T> JsonResult<T> ok(T data) {
return build(SUCCESS, data);
}
public static JsonResult err() {
return build(EXCEPTION);
}
public static JsonResult err(String msg) {
return build(EXCEPTION, msg);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return JsonUtil.to(this);
}
}
代码:https://github.com/wdqj012/wdqj0001
3.item service 商品服务
3.1 pom.xml
要填加 sp01-commons 项目依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
3.2 application.yml
改名为 .yml
快捷键:shift+f6
spring:
application:
name: item-service
server:
port: 8001
3.3 java 源文件
结构图
ItemServiceImpl
package cn.tedu.sp02.item.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.ItemService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Service
public class ItemServiceImpl implements ItemService {
@Override
public List<Item> getItems(String orderId) {
ArrayList<Item> list = new ArrayList<Item>();
list.add(new Item(1, "商品 1",1));
list.add(new Item(2, "商品 2",2));
list.add(new Item(3, "商品 3",3));
list.add(new Item(4, "商品 4",4));
list.add(new Item(5, "商品 5",5));
return list;
}
@Override
public void decreaseNumbers(List<Item> list) {
for(Item item : list) {
log.info("减少库存 - "+item);
}
}
}
ItemController
package cn.tedu.sp02.item.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.ItemService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class ItemController {
@Autowired
private ItemService itemService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private int port;
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
log.info("server.port="+port+", orderId="+orderId);
List<Item> items = itemService.getItems(orderId);
return JsonResult.ok(items).msg("port="+port);
}
@PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
itemService.decreaseNumbers(items);
return JsonResult.ok();
}
}
3.3添加Services窗口
3.4 启动
3.5 访问测试
根据orderid,查询商品
http://localhost:8001/35
结果:
减少商品库存
http://localhost:8001/decreaseNumber
结果:与上面访问结果一样,浏览器只接收get请求,post请求需要用到postman
使用postman,POST发送以下格式数据:
[{“id”:1, “name”:“abc”, “number”:23},{“id”:2, “name”:“def”, “number”:11}]
4.user service 用户服务
新建 spring boot 起步项目
选择依赖项
只选择 web
4.1 pom.xml
要填加 sp01-commons 项目依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp03-userservice</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp03-userservice</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR9</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
4.2 application.yml
其中 sp.user-service.users 属性为自定义属性,提供用于测试的用户数据
sp:
user-service:
users: "[{\"id\":7, \"username\":\"abc\",\"password\":\"123\"},{\"id\":8, \"username\":\"def\",\"password\":\"456\"},{\"id\":9, \"username\":\"ghi\",\"password\":\"789\"}]"
spring:
application:
name: user-service
server:
port: 8101
4.3 java源文件
UserServiceImpl
package cn.tedu.sp03.user.service;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.UserService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Value("${sp.user-service.users}")
private String userJson;
@Override
public User getUser(Integer id) {
log.info("users json string : "+userJson);
List<User> list = JsonUtil.from(userJson, new TypeReference<List<User>>() {});
for (User u : list) {
if (u.getId().equals(id)) {
return u;
}
}
return new User(id, "name-"+id, "pwd-"+id);
}
@Override
public void addScore(Integer id, Integer score) {
// 这里增加积分
log.info("user "+id+" - 增加积分 "+score);
}
}
UserController
package cn.tedu.sp03.user.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.UserService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/{userId}")
public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
log.info("get user, userId="+userId);
User u = userService.getUser(userId);
return JsonResult.ok(u);
}
@GetMapping("/{userId}/score")
public JsonResult addScore(
@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
userService.addScore(userId, score);
return JsonResult.ok();
}
}
4.4 启动
4.5 访问测试
根据userid查询用户信息
http://localhost:8101/7
根据userid,为用户增加积分
http://localhost:8101/7/score?score=100
5. order service 订单服务
返回
新建 spring boot 起步项目
5.1 pom.xml
要填加 sp01-commons 项目依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp04-orderservice</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp04-orderservice</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR9</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
5.2 application.yml
spring:
application:
name: order-service
server:
port: 8201
5.3 java 源文件
OrderServiceImpl
package cn.tedu.sp04.order.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.OrderService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Override
public Order getOrder(String orderId) {
//TODO: 调用user-service获取用户信息
//TODO: 调用item-service获取商品信息
Order order = new Order();
order.setId(orderId);
return order;
}
@Override
public void addOrder(Order order) {
//TODO: 调用item-service减少商品库存
//TODO: 调用user-service增加用户积分
log.info("保存订单:"+order);
}
}
OrderController
package cn.tedu.sp04.order.controller;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.OrderService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
log.info("get order, id="+orderId);
Order order = orderService.getOrder(orderId);
return JsonResult.ok(order);
}
@GetMapping("/")
public JsonResult addOrder() {
//模拟post提交的数据
Order order = new Order();
order.setId("123abc");
order.setUser(new User(7,null,null));
order.setItems(Arrays.asList(new Item[] {
new Item(1,"aaa",2),
new Item(2,"bbb",1),
new Item(3,"ccc",3),
new Item(4,"ddd",1),
new Item(5,"eee",5),
}));
orderService.addOrder(order);
return JsonResult.ok();
}
}
5.4 启动项目
5.5访问测试
根据orderid,获取订单
http://localhost:8201/123abc
保存订单,观察控制台日志输出
http://localhost:8201/
7.eureka 注册与发现
7.1 eureka运行机制
1、注册
服务提供者启动时,向eureka一次次反复注册,直到注册成功为止
2、拉取注册表
服务发现者每30秒拉取一次注册表(刷新注册表)
3、心跳
服务提供者每30秒发送一次心跳数据
eureka连续3次收不到一个服务的心跳,会删除这个服务
4、自我保护模式
特殊情况
如果由于网络不稳定或中断,15分钟内,85%以上服务器出现心跳异常,就会动进入保护模式。
在保护模式下,所有服务都不删除。
网络恢复后,可以自动退出保护模式,恢复正常
开发期间很容易达到保护模式的条件,会影响测试,在开发期间可以关闭保护模式
7.2 eureka server 项目:sp05-eureka
新建 spring boot 起步项目
7.3 pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp05-eureka</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp05-eureka</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
7.4application.yml
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server
server:
port: 2001
eureka:
server:
enable-self-preservation: false
instance:
hostname: eureka1
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
eureka 集群服务器之间,通过 hostname 来区分
eureka.server.enable-self-preservation
eureka 的自我保护状态:心跳失败的比例,在15分钟内是否超过85%,如果出现了超过的情况,Eureka Server会将当前的实例注册信息保护起来,同时提示一个警告,一旦进入保护模式,Eureka Server将会尝试保护其服务注册表中的信息,不再删除服务注册表中的数据。也就是不会注销任何微服务
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
不向自身注册
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
不从自身拉取注册信息
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds
最后一次心跳后,间隔多久认定微服务不可用,默认90
7.5 主程序
添加 @EnableEurekaServer
package cn.tedu.sp05;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp05EurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp05EurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
7.6 修改 hosts 文件,添加 eureka 域名映射
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
添加内容:
127.0.0.1 eureka1
127.0.0.1 eureka2
7.7 启动,并访问测试
启动时,出现报错情况(原因:新版本不够完善)这里用以下版本
spring boot 用2.3.5.RELEASE版本
springcloud 用Hoxton.SR9版本
访问测试
http://eureka1:2001/
7.4 以上所有准备注册之前代码
https://github.com/wdqj012/wdqj0001/tree/master/springcloud01
8.service provider 服务提供者
返回
修改 item-service、user-service、order-service,把微服务注册到 eureka 服务器
- pom.xml 添加eureka依赖
- application.yml 添加eureka注册配置
- 主程序启用eureka客户端
- 启动服务,在eureka中查看注册信息
8.1 pom.xml 添加 eureka 客户端依赖
1.EditStarters插件
添加依赖的另一种方法,插件安装好后,在pom.xml文件中,快捷键 Alt+Insert,选择EditStaters
2.手动添加Eureke client 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
提示:添加eureka依赖时,会附带其他依赖,所以不要手动添加,用插件添加会自动附带其他依赖
附带的依赖:
- 完整pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp02-itemservice</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp02-itemservice</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--commons 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--Eureke client 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<!--Eureke client 依赖附带的依赖-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR9</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
8.2 application.yml 添加 eureka注册配置
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds
心跳间隔时间,默认 30 秒
defaultZone,默认位置,可以修改为具体地理位置,比如:beiJing, shangHai, shenZhen 等,表示 eureka 服务器的部署位置, 需要云服务器提供
eureka.client.registry-fetch-interval-seconds
拉取注册信息间隔时间,默认 30 秒
8.3 主程序启用服务注册发现客户端
修改 item-service、user-service 和 order-service,
主程序添加 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解(也可不添加)
8.4 启动,并访问 eureka 查看注册信息
8.5异常
单台 eureka 服务器启动后报错: Connect to localhost:8761 timed out
这是自动配置的一个默认集群服务器,但是这个默认服务器不存在,所以出错
后面自己搭建了集群服务,默认服务器就不会再自动配置
9. eureka 和 “服务提供者”的高可用
9.1 item-service 高可用
9.1.1 配置启动参数 --server.port
可以覆盖yml中的端口配置
修改name,设置启动参数
–server.port=8001
然后复制一份,修改name,修改启动参数
–server.port=8002
9.1.2 启动
9.1.3 访问测试
http://localhost:8001/35
http://localhost:8002/35
9.2 eureka 高可用
9.2.1 分析
直接在yml文件中配置两个或者新建两个文件分别配置。
下面新建连个配置文件
9.2.2 添加两个服务器的 profile 配置文件
- application-eureka1.yml
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka1
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
# 1连接2
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2:2002/eureka
如图:
2. application-eureka2.yml
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka2
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
# 2连接1
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka
如图:
9.2.3 配置启动参数 --spring.profiles.active 和 --server.port
eureka1 启动参数:
--spring.profiles.active=eureka1 --server.port=2001
eureka2 启动参数:
--spring.profiles.active=eureka2 --server.port=2002
如图:
9.2.4 启动
9.2.5 访问 eureka 服务器,查看注册信息
http://eureka1:2001/
http://eureka2:2002/
9.3 eureka客户端注册时,向eureka两个服务器注册
服务提供者(itemservice,userservice,orderservice)向eureka两个服务器注册,即eureka客户端指的就是服务提供者
9.3.1application.yml 修改以下微服务配置
- sp02-itemservice
- sp03-userservice
- sp04-orderservice
当一个 eureka 服务宕机时,仍可以连接另一个 eureka 服务
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
9.3.2快速查找文件
快捷键:Double Shift(双击shift)
10. ribbon 服务消费者
ribbon 提供了负载均衡和重试功能, 它底层是使用 RestTemplate 进行 Rest api 调用
10.1 RestTemplate
RestTemplate 是SpringBoot提供的一个Rest远程调用工具
它的常用方法:
getForObject() - 执行get请求
postForObject() - 执行post请求
之前的系统结构是浏览器直接访问后台服务
后面我们通过一个Demo项目演示 Spring Cloud 远程调用
下面我们先不使用ribbon, 单独使用RestTemplate来执行远程调用
- 新建 ribbon 项目
- pom.xml
- application.yml
- 主程序
- controller
- 启动,并访问测试
10.2 新建 sp06-ribbon 项目
10.3 pom.xml
- eureka-client 中已经包含 ribbon 依赖
- 需要添加 sp01-commons 依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp06-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp06-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
10.4 application.yml
spring:
application:
name: ribbon
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
10.5主程序
创建 RestTemplate 实例
RestTemplate 是用来调用其他微服务的工具类,封装了远程调用代码,提供了一组用于远程调用的模板方法,例如:getForObject()、postForObject() 等
package cn.tedu.sp06;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
//创建 RestTemplate 实例,并存入 spring 容器
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
}
}
10.6 RibbonController
package cn.tedu.sp06.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@RestController
public class RibbonController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate rt;
@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
//向指定微服务地址发送 get 请求,并获得该服务的返回结果
//{1} 占位符,用 orderId 填充
return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8001/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
//发送 post 请求
return rt.postForObject("http://localhost:8001/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
}
/
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8101/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
}
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score")
public JsonResult addScore(
@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8101/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
}
/
@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8201/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@GetMapping("/order-service")
public JsonResult addOrder() {
return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8201/", JsonResult.class);
}
}
10.7 服务,并访问测试
访问:http://eureka1:2001
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
使用postman,POST发送以下格式数据:
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/
11. ribbon 负载均衡和重试
11.1 Ribbon 负载均衡
修改 sp06-ribbon 项目
- 添加 ribbon 起步依赖(可选)
- RestTemplate 设置 @LoadBalanced
- 访问路径设置为服务id
11.1.1 添加 ribbon 起步依赖(可选)
eureka 依赖中已经包含了 ribbon
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
11.1.2 RestTemplate 设置 @LoadBalanced
@LoadBalanced 负载均衡注解,会对 RestTemplate 实例进行封装,创建动态代理对象,并切入(AOP)负载均衡代码,把请求分发到集群中的服务器
package cn.tedu.sp06;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
@LoadBalanced //负载均衡注解
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
}
}
11.1.3 访问路径设置为服务id
package cn.tedu.sp06.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@RestController
public class RibbonController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate rt;
@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
//这里服务器路径用 service-id 代替,ribbon 会向服务的多台集群服务器分发请求
return rt.getForObject("http://item-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
return rt.postForObject("http://item-service/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
}
/
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
}
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score")
public JsonResult addScore(
@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
}
/
@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@GetMapping("/order-service")
public JsonResult addOrder() {
return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/", JsonResult.class);
}
}
11.1.4访问测试
访问测试,ribbon 会把请求分发到 8001 和 8002 两个服务端口上
http://localhost:3001/item-service/34
11.2 ribbon 重试(feign 和 zuul 中进一步进行了封装)
11.2.1 pom.xml 添加 spring-retry 依赖
复制代码到 pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>
11.2.2 application.yml 配置 ribbon 重试
spring:
application:
name: ribbon
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
MaxAutoRetries: 1
OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
ConnectionTimeout
ReadTimeout
OkToRetryOnAllOperations=true
默认只对GET请求重试, 当设置为true时, 对POST等所有类型请求都重试
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer
更换实例的次数
MaxAutoRetries
当前实例重试次数,尝试失败会更换下一个实例
11.2.3 主程序设置 RestTemplate 的请求工厂的超时属性
package cn.tedu.sp06;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory f = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
f.setConnectTimeout(1000);
f.setReadTimeout(1000);
return new RestTemplate(f);
//RestTemplate 中默认的 Factory 实例中,两个超时属性默认是 -1,
//未启用超时,也不会触发重试
//return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
}
}
11.2.4 item-service 的 ItemController 添加延迟代码,以便测试 ribbon 的重试机制
package cn.tedu.sp02.item.controller;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.ItemService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class ItemController {
@Autowired
private ItemService itemService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private int port;
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) throws Exception {
log.info("server.port="+port+", orderId="+orderId);
///--设置随机延迟
if(Math.random()<0.6) {
long t = new Random().nextInt(5000);
log.info("item-service-"+port+" - 暂停 "+t);
Thread.sleep(t);
}
///~~
List<Item> items = itemService.getItems(orderId);
return JsonResult.ok(items).msg("port="+port);
}
@PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
itemService.decreaseNumbers(items);
return JsonResult.ok();
}
}
11.2.5 访问,测试 ribbon 重试机制
通过 ribbon 访问 item-service,当超时,ribbon 会重试请求集群中其他服务器
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
ribbon的重试机制,在 feign 和 zuul 中进一步进行了封装,后续可以使用feign或zuul的重试机制
12. Hystrix 断路器(降级、熔断)
https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki
12.1 微服务宕机时,ribbon 无法转发请求
正常页面返回
当关闭 user-service 和 order-service
复制 sp06-ribbon 项目,命名为sp07-hystrix
diea不好复制,直接在sp06-ribbon 项目上改,如下:
12.2 pom.xml(sp06-ribbon)添加 hystrix 起步依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
12.3 修改 application.yml
修改ribbon为hystrix
application.yml
spring:
application:
name: hystrix
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetries: 1
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
12.4 主程序添加 @EnableCircuitBreaker 启用 hystrix 断路器
启动断路器,断路器提供两个核心功能:
- 降级,超时、出错、不可到达时,对服务降级,返回错误信息或者是缓存数据
- 熔断,当服务压力过大,错误比例过多时,熔断所有请求,所有请求直接降级
可以使用 @SpringCloudApplication 注解代替三个注解
package cn.tedu.sp06;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
//@EnableCircuitBreaker
//@EnableDiscoveryClient
//@SpringBootApplication
@SpringCloudApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory f = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
f.setConnectTimeout(1000);
f.setReadTimeout(1000);
return new RestTemplate(f);
//RestTemplate 中默认的 Factory 实例中,两个超时属性默认是 -1,
//未启用超时,也不会触发重试
//return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
}
}
12.5 RibbonController 中添加降级方法
为每个方法添加降级方法,例如 getItems() 添加降级方法 getItemsFB()
添加 @HystrixCommand 注解,指定降级方法名
RibbonController 代码
package cn.tedu.sp06.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@RestController
public class RibbonController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate rt;
@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getItemsFB") //指定降级方法的方法名
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://item-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "decreaseNumberFB")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
return rt.postForObject("http://item-service/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
}
//
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getUserFB")
public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
}
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "addScoreFB")
public JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
}
//
@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getOrderFB")
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@GetMapping("/order-service")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "addOrderFB")
public JsonResult addOrder() {
return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/", JsonResult.class);
}
//
//降级方法的参数和返回值,需要和原始方法一致,方法名任意
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItemsFB(String orderId) {
return JsonResult.err("获取订单商品列表失败");
}
public JsonResult decreaseNumberFB(List<Item> items) {
return JsonResult.err("更新商品库存失败");
}
public JsonResult<User> getUserFB(Integer userId) {
return JsonResult.err("获取用户信息失败");
}
public JsonResult addScoreFB(Integer userId, Integer score) {
return JsonResult.err("增加用户积分失败");
}
public JsonResult<Order> getOrderFB(String orderId) {
return JsonResult.err("获取订单失败");
}
public JsonResult addOrderFB() {
return JsonResult.err("添加订单失败");
}
}
12.6 hystrix 超时设置
hystrix等待超时后, 会执行降级代码, 快速向客户端返回降级结果, 默认超时时间是1000毫秒
为了测试 hystrix 降级,我们把 hystrix 等待超时设置得非常小(500毫秒)
此设置一般应大于 ribbon 的重试超时时长,例如 10 秒
application.yml
spring:
application:
name: hystrix
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
MaxAutoRetries: 1
OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 500
12.7 启动项目进行测试
通过 hystrix 服务,访问可能超时失败的 item-service
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
通过 hystrix 服务,访问未启动的 user-service
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
测试结果:
可以看到,如果 item-service 请求超时,hystrix 会立即执行降级方法
访问 user-service,由于该服务未启动,hystrix也会立即执行降级方法
- 启动的item-service超时失败,返回降级方法:
- 启动的item-service访问成功:
- 未启动的 user-service失败,返回降级方法:
13. hystrix dashboard 断路器仪表盘
返回
hystrix 对请求的降级和熔断,可以产生监控信息,hystrix dashboard可以实时的进行监控
13.1 sp07-hystrix 项目添加 actuator,并暴露 hystrix 监控端点
actuator 是 spring boot 提供的服务监控工具,提供了各种监控信息的监控端点
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include 配置选项,
可以指定端点名,来暴露监控端点
如果要暴露所有端点,可以用 “*”
13.1.1 pom.xml 添加 actuator 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
13.1.2 调整 application.yml 配置,并暴露 hystrix.stream 监控端点
添加如下配置:
spring:
application:
name: hystrix
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
MaxAutoRetries: 1
OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 500
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: hystrix.stream
13.1.3 启动,访问 actuator 路径,查看监控端点
访问:http://localhost:3001/actuator
可以看到hystrix 的监控端点为:http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream。为下面仪表盘填入监控端点,开启监控
13.2 Hystrix dashboard 仪表盘
13.2.1新建 sp08-hystrix-dashboard 项目
13.2.2 pom.xml
版本号统一:
<spring-boot.version>2.3.5.RELEASE
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp08-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp08-hystrix-dashboard</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
13.2.3 application.yml
spring:
application:
name: hystrix-dashboard
server:
port: 4001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
hystrix:
dashboard:
proxy-stream-allow-list: localhost
13.2.4主程序添加 @EnableHystrixDashboard 和 @EnableDiscoveryClient
package cn.tedu.sp08;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp08HystrixDashboardApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp08HystrixDashboardApplication.class, args);
}
}
13.2.5启动,并访问测试
访问 hystrix dashboard
http://localhost:4001/hystrix
13.2.6 填入 hystrix 的监控端点,开启监控
http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream
通过 hystrix 访问服务多次,观察监控信息
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/
13.3 hystrix 熔断
整个链路达到一定的阈值,默认情况下,10秒内产生超过20次请求,则符合第一个条件。
满足第一个条件的情况下,如果请求的错误百分比大于阈值,则会打开断路器,默认为50%。
Hystrix的逻辑,先判断是否满足第一个条件,再判断第二个条件,如果两个条件都满足,则会开启断路器
断路器打开 5 秒后,会处于半开状态,会尝试转发请求,如果仍然失败,保持打开状态,如果成功,则关闭断路器
13.3.1使用 apache 的并发访问测试工具 ab
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/platform/windows.html#down
- 用 ab 工具,以并发50次,来发送20000个请求
ab -n 20000 -c 50 http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
- 断路器状态为 Open,所有请求会被短路,直接降级执行 fallback 方法
13.3.2 hystrix 配置
https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki/Configuration
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds
请求超时时间,超时后触发失败降级
hystrix.command.default.circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold
10秒内请求数量,默认20,如果没有达到该数量,即使请求全部失败,也不会触发断路器打开
hystrix.command.default.circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage
失败请求百分比,达到该比例则触发断路器打开
hystrix.command.default.circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds
断路器打开多长时间后,再次允许尝试访问(半开),仍失败则继续保持打开状态,如成功访问则关闭断路器,默认 5000
14. feign 声明式客户端接口
ribbon(负载均衡和重试)
hystrix(熔断器—降级、熔断)
微服务应用中,ribbon 和 hystrix 总是同时出现,feign 整合了两者,并提供了声明式消费者客户端
- 用 feign 代替 hystrix+ribbon
14.1新建 sp09-feign 项目
结构图:
1.统一版本号
2.更新maven
14.2 pom.xml
需要添加 sp01-commons 依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp09-feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp09-feign</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--sp01-commons 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
14.3 application.yml
1.记得改文件名shift+f6
spring:
application:
name: feign
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
14.4主程序添加 @EnableDiscoveryClient 和 @EnableFeignClients
package cn.tedu.sp09;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp09FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp09FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
14.5java 源文件
14.6 feign 声明式客户端
feign 利用了我们熟悉的 spring mvc 注解来对接口方法进行设置,降低了我们的学习成本。
通过这些设置,feign可以拼接后台服务的访问路径和提交的参数
例如:
@GetMapping("/{userId}/score")
JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, @RequestParam Integer score);
当这样调用该方法:
service.addScore(7, 100);
那么 feign 会向服务器发送请求:
http://用户微服务/7/score?score=100
注意:如果 score 参数名与变量名不同,需要添加参数名设置:
@GetMapping("/{userId}/score")
JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, @RequestParam("score") Integer s);
14.7 ItemFeignService
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient("item-service")
public interface ItemFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId);
@PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items);
}
14.8 UserFeignService
注意,如果请求参数名与方法参数名不同,@RequestParam不能省略,并且要指定请求参数名:@RequestParam(“score”) Integer s
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient("user-service")
public interface UserFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{userId}")
JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId);
// 拼接路径 /{userId}/score?score=新增积分
@GetMapping("/{userId}/score")
JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, @RequestParam Integer score);
}
14.9 OrderFeignService
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient("order-service")
public interface OrderFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId);
@GetMapping("/")
JsonResult addOrder();
}
14.10 FeignController
package cn.tedu.sp09.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.sp09.service.ItemFeignService;
import cn.tedu.sp09.service.OrderFeignService;
import cn.tedu.sp09.service.UserFeignService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@RestController
public class FeignController {
@Autowired
private ItemFeignService itemService;
@Autowired
private UserFeignService userService;
@Autowired
private OrderFeignService orderService;
@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return itemService.getItems(orderId);
}
@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
return itemService.decreaseNumber(items);
}
/
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
return userService.getUser(userId);
}
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score")
public JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
return userService.addScore(userId, score);
}
/
@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return orderService.getOrder(orderId);
}
@GetMapping("/order-service")
public JsonResult addOrder() {
return orderService.addOrder();
}
}
14.11 调用流程
14.12 启动服务,并访问测试
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
使用postman,POST发送以下格式数据:
[{“id”:1, “name”:“abc”, “number”:23},{“id”:2, “name”:“def”, “number”:11}]
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/
15. feign + ribbon 负载均衡和重试
无需额外配置,feign 默认已启用了 ribbon 负载均衡和重试机制。可以通过配置对参数进行调整
重试的默认配置参数:
ConnectTimeout=1000
ReadTimeout=1000
MaxAutoRetries=0
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=1
15.1 application.yml 配置 ribbon 超时和重试
ribbon.xxx 全局配置
item-service.ribbon.xxx 对特定服务实例的配置
spring:
application:
name: feign
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
ConnectTimeout: 1000
ReadTimeout: 1000
item-service:
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetries: 1
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
ConnectTimeout: 1000
ReadTimeout: 500
15.2服务,访问测试
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
16. feign + hystrix 降级
16. feign + hystrix 降级
16.1feign 启用 hystrix
feign 默认没有启用 hystrix,添加配置,启用 hystrix
feign.hystrix.enabled=true
16.1.1application.yml 添加配置
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
启用 hystrix 后,访问服务
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
默认1秒会快速失败,没有降级方法时,会显示白板页
????????????、、