Java基础16：深入理解Java多线程基础3

多线程的实现以及线程之间的状态转换代码体现

多线程的几种实现方法

public class 多线程实例 {

    //继承thread类
    @Test
    public void test1() {
        class A extends Thread {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("A run");
            }
        }
        A a = new A();
        a.start();
    }

    //实现Runnable
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        class B implements Runnable {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("B run");
            }
        }
        B b = new B();
        //Runable实现类需要由Thread类包装后才能执行
        new Thread(b).start();
    }

    //有返回值的线程
    @Test
    public void test3() {
        Callable callable = new Callable() {
            int sum = 0;
            @Override
            public Object call() throws Exception {
                for (int i = 0;i < 5;i ++) {
                    sum += i;
                }
                return sum;
            }
        };
        //这里要用FutureTask，否则不能加入Thread构造方法
        FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(callable);
        new Thread(futureTask).start();
        try {
            System.out.println(futureTask.get());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //线程池实现
    @Test
    public void test4() {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
        //execute直接执行线程
        executorService.execute(new Thread());
        executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("runnable");
            }
        });
        //submit提交有返回结果的任务，运行完后返回结果。
        Future future = executorService.submit(new Callable<String>() {
            @Override
            public String call() throws Exception {
                return "a";
            }
        });
        try {
            System.out.println(future.get());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        //有返回值的线程组将返回值存进集合
        for (int i = 0;i < 5;i ++ ) {
            int finalI = i;
            Future future1 = executorService.submit(new Callable<String>() {
                @Override
                public String call() throws Exception {
                    return "res" + finalI;
                }
            });
            try {
                list.add((String) future1.get());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        for (String s : list) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}
--------------------- 
作者：程序员江湖 
来源：CSDN 
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/a724888/article/details/80197160 
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！

线程状态转换

public class 线程的状态转换 {
//一开始线程是init状态，结束时是terminated状态
class t implements Runnable {
    private String name;
    public t(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(name + "run");
    }
}

//测试join，父线程在子线程运行时进入waiting状态
@Test
public void test1() throws InterruptedException {
    Thread dad = new Thread(new Runnable() {
        Thread son = new Thread(new t("son"));
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("dad init");
            son.start();
            try {
                //保证子线程运行完再运行父线程
                son.join();
                System.out.println("dad run");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    });
    //调用start，线程进入runnable状态，等待系统调度
    dad.start();
    //在父线程中对子线程实例使用join，保证子线程在父线程之前执行完

}

//测试sleep
@Test
public void test2(){
    Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("t1 run");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    });

    //主线程休眠。进入time waiting状态
    try {
        Thread.sleep(3000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    t1.start();

}

//线程2进入blocked状态。
public static void main(String[] args) {
    test4();
    Thread.yield();//进入runnable状态
}

//测试blocked状态
public static void test4() {
    class A {
        //线程1获得实例锁以后线程2无法获得实例锁，所以进入blocked状态
        synchronized void run() {
            while (true) {
                System.out.println("run");
            }
        }
    }
    A a = new A();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("t1 get lock");
            a.run();
        }
    }).start();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("t2 get lock");
            a.run();
        }
    }).start();

}

//volatile保证线程可见性
volatile static int flag = 1;
//object作为锁对象，用于线程使用wait和notify方法
volatile static Object o = new Object();
//测试wait和notify
//wait后进入waiting状态，被notify进入blocked（阻塞等待锁释放）或者runnable状态（获取到锁）
public void test5() {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //wait和notify只能在同步代码块内使用
            synchronized (o) {
                while (true) {
                    if (flag == 0) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(2000);
                            System.out.println("thread1 wait");
                            //释放锁，线程挂起进入object的等待队列，后续代码运行
                            o.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println("thread1 run");
                    System.out.println("notify t2");
                    flag = 0;
                    //通知等待队列的一个线程获取锁
                    o.notify();
                }
            }
        }
    }).start();
    //解释同上
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (o) {
                    if (flag == 1) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(2000);
                            System.out.println("thread2 wait");
                            o.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println("thread2 run");
                    System.out.println("notify t1");
                    flag = 1;
                    o.notify();
                }
            }
        }
    }).start();
}

//输出结果是
//    thread1 run
//    notify t2
//    thread1 wait
//    thread2 run
//    notify t1
//    thread2 wait
//    thread1 run
//    notify t2
//不断循环

}
--------------------- 
作者：程序员江湖 
来源：CSDN 
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/a724888/article/details/80197160 
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！