Windows环境下快速搭建Linux虚拟机环境

前言

windows环境下使用vagrant+VirtualBox搭建centos7虚拟机。

准备工作

VirtualBox 6.1.22

Vagrant 2.2.16

CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-2004_01.VirtualBox.box

为了方便安装，把镜像重命名为CentOS7.box

镜像下载地址：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos-cloud/centos/7/vagrant/x86_64/images/

开始安装

创建文件夹 E:\virtual_machains\vagrant

• 加载镜像，命名为vagrant

vagrant box add --name vagrant E:\virtual_machains\box\CentOS7.box

• 初始化，会在vagrant目录下生成一个Vagrantfile文件

 vagrant init vagrant

• 修改配置文件 vagrantFile，这里配置了共享目录，需要现在本地创建一个data目录

  # -*- mode: ruby -*-
  # vi: set ft=ruby :
  
  # All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
  # configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
  # backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
  # you're doing.
  Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
    # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
    # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
    # https://docs.vagrantup.com.
  
    # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
    # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
    config.vm.box = "vagrant"
  
    # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
    # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
    # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
    # config.vm.box_check_update = false
  
    # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
    # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
    # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
    # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
    # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  
    # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
    # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
    # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
    # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
  
    # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
    # using a specific IP.
    # 指定IP，设置为私有模式，只能本地链接
    # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
  
    # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
    # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
    # your network.
    # 设置网络为公共模式，ip由路由器分配
     config.vm.network "public_network"
  
    # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
    # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
    # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
    # argument is a set of non-required options.
    # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
    # 配置共享目录，前一个是本地文件夹，后一个是centos系统下的文件夹，这里的data目录
    # 路径是 E:\virtual_machains\vagrant\data
     config.vm.synced_folder "./data", "/home/vagrant"
  
    # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
    # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
    # Example for VirtualBox:
    #
    # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
    #   vb.gui = true
    #
    #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
    #   vb.memory = "1024"
    # end
    # 配置虚拟机的内存和cpu参数
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
          vb.memory = "2048"
          vb.gui = false
          vb.name= "vagrant-1"
          vb.cpus= 2
      end 
    # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
    # information on available options.
  
    # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
    # Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
    # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
    # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    #   apt-get update
    #   apt-get install -y apache2
    # SHELL
  end
  
  

• 启动服务器

  vagrant up
  

  启动后会有一个默认用户vagrant,密码也是vagrant。root用户的密码也是vagrant

  这里遇到了一个共享目录无法挂载的问题，但是不影响服务器启动，后面再解决这个问题。

  virtualBox可以看到服务器启动。

• 修改登录方式为使用密码

  现在是使用私有key登录，修改为使用密码登录

  vagrant ssh
  进去之后，su root
  

• 修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件
  ​ 修改PasswordAuthentication 为 yes
  ​ 执行命令 service sshd restart 重启服务，或者直接重启服务器。

• 安装常用命令

  安装网络工具
  yum -y install net-tools 
  安装telnet
  yum -y install telnet-server
  yum -y install telnet
  安装vim
  yum -y install vim*
  

• 关闭服务器

  vagrant halt
  

共享目录无法挂载问题

看了网上的很多解决办法，这里做了如下操作：

1. 安装vagrant的插件vagrant-vbguest，安装很慢，要等一会

   vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
   

2. 更新服务器,登陆服务器，使用root用户执行

   yum update
   

3. 重启服务器

   进入/home/vagrant创建一个文件，在本地E:\virtual_machains\vagrant\data下可以看到。在本地data目录创建文件，服务器上也可以看到。

   yum update
   

3. 重启服务器

   进入/home/vagrant创建一个文件，在本地E:\virtual_machains\vagrant\data下可以看到。在本地data目录创建文件，服务器上也可以看到。