第二章：数据结构-weakref:对象的非永久引用-引用回调

2.8.2 引用回调
ref构造函数接受一个可选的回调函数，删除所引用的对象时会调用这个函数。

import weakref

class ExpensiveObject:

    def __del__(self):
        print('(Deleting {})'.format(self))

def callback(reference):
    """Invoked when reference object is deleted"""
    print('callback({!r})'.format(reference))

obj = ExpensiveObject()
r = weakref.ref(obj,callback)

print('obj:',obj)
print('ref:',r)
print('r():',r())

print('deleting obj')
del obj
print('r():',r())

当引用已经“死亡”而且不再引用原对象时，这个回调会接受这个引用对象作为参数。这个特性的一种用法就是从缓存中删除弱引用对象。
运行结果：

obj: <main.ExpensiveObject object at 0x0000000002F169B0>
ref: <weakref at 0x00000000032940E8; to ‘ExpensiveObject’ at 0x0000000002F169B0>
r(): <main.ExpensiveObject object at 0x0000000002F169B0>
deleting obj
(Deleting <main.ExpensiveObject object at 0x0000000002F169B0>)
callback(<weakref at 0x00000000032940E8; dead>)
r(): None