简单认识Netty以及使用

netty介绍

Netty 是一个利用 Java 的高级网络的能力，隐藏其背后的复杂性而提供一个易于使用的 API 的客户端/服务器框架。

netty服务器简单代码的实现

首先编写服务端

package com.fr.server.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class NIOServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    		//netty基于主从reactor模式所以第一个executor是reactor子线程池
            EventLoopGroup executors=new NioEventLoopGroup();
            //创建处理业务的工作线程池
            EventLoopGroup workgroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
        	//创建服务
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap=new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(executors,workgroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,128)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,true)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                        //设置业务处理handler
                            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            System.out.println("服务器 is ready");
            //绑定端口 同步处理
            ChannelFuture cf=serverBootstrap.bind(6668).sync();
            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            executors.shutdownGracefully();
            workgroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

编写服务端业务处理handler

package com.fr.server.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    //读取客户端发送的数据
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ctx="+ctx);
        ByteBuf buf=(ByteBuf)msg;
        System.out.println(buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.channel().close();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello",CharsetUtil.UTF_8));

    }
}

编写客户端代码

package com.fr.server.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class NettyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

		
        NioEventLoopGroup eventExecutors = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        Bootstrap bootstrap=new Bootstrap();
        try {
            bootstrap.group(eventExecutors)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new NettyClientHandler());
                        }
                    });
            System.out.println("客户端ok");
            ChannelFuture sync = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 6668).sync();
            sync.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (Exception e){
          e.printStackTrace();
        }   finally{
            eventExecutors.shutdownGracefully();
        }

    }
}

编写客户端业务处理handler

package com.fr.server.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

public class NettyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        ByteBuf buff=(ByteBuf)msg;
        System.out.println("服务器返回"+buff.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
    }

    //通道就绪开启该方法
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ctx="+ctx);
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));

    }
}

netty任务队列

接下来我们做一个设想，假如客户端发送的是一个大文件，或是一个业务非常耗时的请求，这时候我们就需要将该请求分发到work group 子线程去处理来实现异步处理请求。
将任务改为异步执行

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//        System.out.println("ctx="+ctx);
//        ByteBuf buf=(ByteBuf)msg;
//        System.out.println(buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
//        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
        ctx.channel().eventLoop().execute(()->{
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5*1000);
                ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("休眠了5秒",CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
    }
   

定时任务

   @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//        System.out.println("ctx="+ctx);
//        ByteBuf buf=(ByteBuf)msg;
//        System.out.println(buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
//        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
        ctx.channel().eventLoop().execute(()->{
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5*1000);
                ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("休眠了5秒",CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        ctx.channel().eventLoop().schedule(()->{
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2*1000);
                ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("休眠了2秒",CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },5,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

Netty的异步模型

  ChannelFuture cf=serverBootstrap.bind(6668).sync();
            cf.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                    if (future.isSuccess())
                        System.out.println("监听chengg");
                    else
                        System.out.println("失败");
            }});
            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();