使用Linux安装yum报错 E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

**【写在最前面】**作为Linux初学者，在一位很nice的朋友F君建议下从Win11Microsoft store下载了Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS和window terminal，并且教了我很多非常实用的方法，非常感谢他！另外，作为初学者，文中不免存在错误或者缺失，如有偏误，烦请大家多多指正，感恩~

问题描述

本人装了Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS，在安装yum过程中执行命令：

sudo apt install yum

但是发生如下错误：

E: Unable to locate package yum

截图长这样：

然后搜索了解决办法，需要更新镜像源，开始了多次尝试，本文旨在记录本人在解决问题过程中遇到的bug或者是自己马虎犯的错，下文略显冗长，烦请担待

解决步骤

1.修改source.list

依次执行下面两句命令

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak #修改之前记得备份
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list #修改

到这里会进入vim编辑器，把我前前后后修改的source.list粘贴在下面仅供参考

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted


## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal  universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal  universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates  universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates  universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse

#添加阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

vim编辑时的步骤如下：

1.  按 i，发现vim最下面变成INSERT，就是可编辑的状态了 
2.  粘贴镜像源/或者手动输出
3.  按Esc，退出编辑，INSERT消失，就是退出编辑状态了
4.  控制游标到最后面，输入 :wq!  
5.  然后回车，便完成vim编辑

【NOTES】这里是一段血的教训/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~
在编辑vim时因为加班比较晚头晕眼花，好几个地方输入错误，报了各种各样的错误，白白浪费时间找编辑错的地方，所以我把我的镜像源贴在上面，有需要的朋友可以直接粘贴使用，节省时间

然后执行下面一句命令

sudo apt-get update #更新列表

2.安装yum

重新执行yum安装命令

sudo apt install yum

本来以为到这里该成功了，然后又报了另一个错误（⊙﹏⊙∥）

E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

但是查了下这里的意思是没有依赖的包，那就是依次安装这些包就行了，突然冷静下来✿◡‿◡
截图大概长下面这个样子

然后依次执行下面的命令

sudo apt-get install python-lzma
sudo apt-get install python-sqlitecachec
sudo apt-get install python-urlgrabber

安装完毕后再次执行yum安装命令

sudo apt install yum

来看看yum是不是安装好了

yum --version #查看yum版本

输出如下：

成功安装！撒花撒花★,°:.☆(￣▽￣)/$:.°★

总结

几天时间的摸索，参考了很多大神的博客，链接贴在下面，有需要的朋友可以转到大神们的博客学习。自己也逐渐学会看报错原因，找问题出在哪里，但是中间因为马虎导致浪费了很多时间就大可不必o_o …，希望除了学习到一些技术知识还能改掉一些坏习惯，与诸君共勉

参考链接