HBase学习之路 （三）HBase集群Shell操作

目录

进入HBase命令行
HBase表的操作
创建create
查看表列表list
查看表的详细信息desc
修改表的定义alter
HBase表中数据的操作
增put
查get + scan
删delete

正文

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进入HBase命令行
在你安装的随意台服务器节点上，执行命令：hbase shell，会进入到你的 hbase shell 客 户端

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[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apps/hbase-1.2.6/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell; enter ‘help’ for list of supported commands.
Type “exit” to leave the HBase Shell
Version 1.2.6, rUnknown, Mon May 29 02:25:32 CDT 2017

hbase(main):001:0>
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说明，先看一下提示。其实是不是有一句很重要的话：

HBase Shell; enter ‘help’ for list of supported commands.
Type “exit” to leave the HBase Shell
讲述了怎么获得帮助，怎么退出客户端

help 获取帮助

help：获取所有命令提示

help “dml” ：获取一组命令的提示

help “put” ：获取一个单独命令的提示帮助

exit 退出 hbase shell 客户端

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HBase表的操作
关于表的操作包括（创建create，查看表列表list。查看表的详细信息desc，删除表drop，清空表truncate，修改表的定义alter）

创建create
可以输入以下命令进行查看帮助命令

hbase(main):001:0> help ‘create’
View Code
可以看到其中一条提示

hbase> create ‘t1’, {NAME => ‘f1’}, {NAME => ‘f2’}, {NAME => ‘f3’}
其中t1是表名，f1,f2,f3是列簇的名，如：

hbase(main):002:0> create ‘myHbase’,{NAME => ‘myCard’,VERSIONS => 5}
0 row(s) in 3.1270 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - myHbase
hbase(main):003:0>
创建了一个名为myHbase的表，表里面有1个列簇，名为myCard，保留5个版本信息

查看表列表list
可以输入以下命令进行查看帮助命令

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hbase(main):003:0> help ‘list’
List all tables in hbase. Optional regular expression parameter could
be used to filter the output. Examples:

hbase> list
hbase> list ‘abc.’
hbase> list 'ns:abc.’
hbase> list ‘ns:.*’
hbase(main):004:0>
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直接输入list进行查看

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hbase(main):004:0> list
TABLE
myHbase
1 row(s) in 0.0650 seconds

=> [“myHbase”]
hbase(main):005:0>
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只有一条结果，就是刚刚创建的表myHbase

查看表的详细信息desc
一个大括号，就相当于一个列簇。

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hbase(main):006:0> desc ‘myHbase’
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => ‘myCard’, BLOOMFILTER => ‘ROW’, VERSIONS => ‘5’, IN_MEMORY => ‘false’, KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => ‘FALSE’, D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => ‘NONE’, TTL => ‘FOREVER’, COMPRESSION => ‘NONE’, MIN_VERSIONS => ‘0’, BLOCKCACHE => ‘true’
, BLOCKSIZE => ‘65536’, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ‘0’}
1 row(s) in 0.2160 seconds

hbase(main):007:0>
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修改表的定义alter
添加一个列簇
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hbase(main):007:0> alter ‘myHbase’, NAME => ‘myInfo’
Updating all regions with the new schema…
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.0690 seconds

hbase(main):008:0> desc ‘myHbase’
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => ‘myCard’, BLOOMFILTER => ‘ROW’, VERSIONS => ‘5’, IN_MEMORY => ‘false’, KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => ‘FALSE’, D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => ‘NONE’, TTL => ‘FOREVER’, COMPRESSION => ‘NONE’, MIN_VERSIONS => ‘0’, BLOCKCACHE => ‘true’
, BLOCKSIZE => ‘65536’, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ‘0’}
{NAME => ‘myInfo’, BLOOMFILTER => ‘ROW’, VERSIONS => ‘1’, IN_MEMORY => ‘false’, KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => ‘FALSE’, D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => ‘NONE’, TTL => ‘FOREVER’, COMPRESSION => ‘NONE’, MIN_VERSIONS => ‘0’, BLOCKCACHE => ‘true’
, BLOCKSIZE => ‘65536’, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ‘0’}
2 row(s) in 0.0420 seconds

hbase(main):009:0>

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删除一个列簇
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hbase(main):009:0> alter ‘myHbase’, NAME => ‘myCard’, METHOD => ‘delete’
Updating all regions with the new schema…
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.1920 seconds

hbase(main):010:0> desc ‘myHbase’
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => ‘myInfo’, BLOOMFILTER => ‘ROW’, VERSIONS => ‘1’, IN_MEMORY => ‘false’, KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => ‘FALSE’, D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => ‘NONE’, TTL => ‘FOREVER’, COMPRESSION => ‘NONE’, MIN_VERSIONS => ‘0’, BLOCKCACHE => ‘true’
, BLOCKSIZE => ‘65536’, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ‘0’}
1 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds

hbase(main):011:0>
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删除一个列簇也可以执行以下命令

alter ‘myHbase’, ‘delete’ => ‘myCard’
添加列簇hehe同时删除列簇myInfo
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hbase(main):011:0> alter ‘myHbase’, {NAME => ‘hehe’}, {NAME => ‘myInfo’, METHOD => ‘delete’}
Updating all regions with the new schema…
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Updating all regions with the new schema…
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 3.8260 seconds

hbase(main):012:0> desc ‘myHbase’
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => ‘hehe’, BLOOMFILTER => ‘ROW’, VERSIONS => ‘1’, IN_MEMORY => ‘false’, KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => ‘FALSE’, DAT
A_BLOCK_ENCODING => ‘NONE’, TTL => ‘FOREVER’, COMPRESSION => ‘NONE’, MIN_VERSIONS => ‘0’, BLOCKCACHE => ‘true’,
BLOCKSIZE => ‘65536’, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ‘0’}
1 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds

hbase(main):013:0>
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清空表truncate
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hbase(main):013:0> truncate ‘myHbase’
Truncating ‘myHbase’ table (it may take a while):

• Disabling table…
• Truncating table…
  0 row(s) in 3.6760 seconds

hbase(main):014:0>
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删除表drop
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hbase(main):014:0> drop ‘myHbase’

ERROR: Table myHbase is enabled. Disable it first.

Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
hbase> drop ‘t1’
hbase> drop ‘ns1:t1’

hbase(main):015:0>
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直接删除表会报错，根据提示需要先停用表

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hbase(main):015:0> disable ‘myHbase’
0 row(s) in 2.2620 seconds

hbase(main):016:0> drop ‘myHbase’
0 row(s) in 1.2970 seconds

hbase(main):017:0> list
TABLE
0 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

=> []
hbase(main):018:0>
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HBase表中数据的操作
关于数据的操作（增put，删delete，查get + scan, 改==变相的增加）

创建 user 表，包含 info、data 两个列簇

hbase(main):018:0> create ‘user_info’,{NAME=>‘base_info’,VERSIONS=>3 },{NAME=>‘extra_info’,VERSIONS=>1 }
0 row(s) in 4.2670 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - user_info
hbase(main):019:0>
增put
查看帮助，需要传入表名，rowkey，列簇名、值等

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hbase(main):019:0> help ‘put’
Put a cell ‘value’ at specified table/row/column and optionally
timestamp coordinates. To put a cell value into table ‘ns1:t1’ or ‘t1’
at row ‘r1’ under column ‘c1’ marked with the time ‘ts1’, do:

hbase> put ‘ns1:t1’, ‘r1’, ‘c1’, ‘value’
hbase> put ‘t1’, ‘r1’, ‘c1’, ‘value’
hbase> put ‘t1’, ‘r1’, ‘c1’, ‘value’, ts1
hbase> put ‘t1’, ‘r1’, ‘c1’, ‘value’, {ATTRIBUTES=>{‘mykey’=>‘myvalue’}}
hbase> put ‘t1’, ‘r1’, ‘c1’, ‘value’, ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{‘mykey’=>‘myvalue’}}
hbase> put ‘t1’, ‘r1’, ‘c1’, ‘value’, ts1, {VISIBILITY=>‘PRIVATE|SECRET’}

The same commands also can be run on a table reference. Suppose you had a reference
t to table ‘t1’, the corresponding command would be:

hbase> t.put ‘r1’, ‘c1’, ‘value’, ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{‘mykey’=>‘myvalue’}}
hbase(main):020:0>
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向 user 表中插入信息，row key 为 user0001，列簇 base_info 中添加 name 列标示符，值为 zhangsan1

hbase(main):020:0> put ‘user_info’, ‘user0001’, ‘base_info:name’, ‘zhangsan1’
0 row(s) in 0.2900 seconds

hbase(main):021:0>
此处可以多添加几条数据

View Code
查get + scan
获取 user 表中 row key 为 user0001 的所有信息

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hbase(main):022:0> get ‘user_info’, ‘user0001’
COLUMN CELL
base_info:name timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1
1 row(s) in 0.1310 seconds

hbase(main):023:0>
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获取user表中row key为rk0001，info列簇的所有信息

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hbase(main):025:0> get ‘user_info’, ‘rk0001’, ‘base_info’
COLUMN CELL
base_info:name timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan
1 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds

hbase(main):026:0>
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查询user_info表中的所有信息

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hbase(main):026:0> scan ‘user_info’
ROW COLUMN+CELL
rk0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan
user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1
2 row(s) in 0.0970 seconds

hbase(main):027:0>
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查询user_info表中列簇为base_info的信息

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hbase(main):027:0> scan ‘user_info’, {COLUMNS => ‘base_info’}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
rk0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan
user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1
2 row(s) in 0.0620 seconds

hbase(main):028:0>
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删delete
删除user_info表row key为rk0001，列标示符为base_info:name的数据

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hbase(main):028:0> delete ‘user_info’, ‘rk0001’, ‘base_info:name’
0 row(s) in 0.0780 seconds

hbase(main):029:0> scan ‘user_info’, {COLUMNS => ‘base_info’}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1
1 row(s) in 0.0530 seconds

hbase(main):030:0>
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