Servlet|Tomcat、Servlet、Cookie、Session

Servlet

Servlet项目创建

Tomcat简介

概念

运行在用户态、应用层的软件，沟通浏览器和后台服务的桥梁

Tomcat和浏览器之间通过网络通信，遵从HTTP协议/TCP协议/IP协议

基本机制

Servlet简介

概念

Java Servlet是运行在web服务器或应用服务器上的程序，它是作为来自Web浏览器或其它HTTP客户端的请求和HTTP服务器上的数据库或应用程序之间的中间层

定位

Java Servlet是用Java编写的服务器端程序

作用

交互式地浏览或修改数据，生成动态Web内容

编写Servlet注意事项

HttpServlet与Servlet

HttpServlet是Servlet接口的一个实现类，同时也是抽象类

所以我们自己实现的Servlet继承自HttpServlet，根据具体情况，选择覆写doGet()或者doPost()

Servlet对象的生命周期

init() -> service()（多次） -> destory() -> 由JVM的垃圾回收器进行回收

Servlet对象工作在多线程环境下

tomcat内部是使用线程处理每个请求的，且每个Servlet对象只会存在一个，所以覆写的doGet()等方法，是运行在多线程环境下的，需要考虑线程安全

Servlet代码基本结构

通过req获取用户请求（获取HTTP请求中的信息）

根据业务需要，结合本地存储（MySQL/No-SQL/文件/后端的其他API），满足用户的要求

通过resp把服务结果返回给用户（填充HTTP响应的过程）

关于Servlet的API和HTTP知识

req获取请求信息的API

String method = req.getMethod(); //方法
String path = req.getRequestURI(); //路径
String version = req.getProtocol(); //协议

 //获取请求头
Enumeration<String> headerNames = req.getHeaderNames();
while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
     String key = headerNames.nextElement();
     String value = req.getHeader(key);
}

 //获取请求正文
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = req.getParameterNames();
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
     String key = parameterNames.nextElement();
     String value = req.getParameter(key);
}

resp中写入内容的API

resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); //text/html;text/css;application/javascript;application/json
resp.setStatus(200);
resp.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com");

HTTP状态码之重定向

301/302：带着GET跳转 resp.sendRedirect("");

307：根据浏览器之前的方法跳转 resp.setStatus(“307”); resp.setHeader(“Location”,“location”);

GET vs POST

GET是查询，因此不带请求正文，具备幂等性

POST是插入，因此可以带请求正文，不具备幂等性

Servlet Cookie

@WebServlet("/set-cookie")
public class SetCookie extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //方式一：手动种
        resp.setHeader("Set-Cookie", "name=x");
        resp.setHeader("Set-Cookie", "age=18");
        resp.setHeader("Set-Cookie", "name=y; age=18");
        resp.getWriter().println("<h3> 手动种cookie </h3>"); //只显示了最后一个的cookie，以及分号后面的内容没有显示

        //方式二
        Cookie namex = new Cookie("namex", req.getParameter("name"));
        resp.addCookie(namex);
        Cookie age = new Cookie("age", req.getParameter("age"));
        resp.addCookie(age);
        Cookie namey = new Cookie("namey", req.getParameter("namey"));
        resp.addCookie(namey);
        resp.getWriter().println("<h3> 法二 </h3>");

    }
}

@WebServlet("/get-cookie")
public class GetCookie extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/txt;charset=utf-8");

        //方式一：
        String cookie = req.getHeader("Cookie");
        resp.getWriter().println("从请求的请求体获得cookie值："+ cookie );

        //方式二：
        Cookie[] cookies =  req.getCookies();
        for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
            Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
            resp.getWriter().println("cookie 名称：" + cookie.getName());
            resp.getWriter().println("cookie 值：" + cookie.getValue());
        }
    }
}

Servlet Session

@WebServlet("/set-session")
public class SetSession extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        Date date = new Date();
        DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String now = format.format(date);

        String name = "xxx";

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("now", now);
        session.setAttribute("name", name);

        resp.getWriter().println("<h3> session 写入成功 </h3>");
    }
}

@WebServlet("/get-session")
public class GetSession extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().println("session");

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String now = (String) session.getAttribute("now");
        String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");

        resp.getWriter().println("<h3> now = " + now + " name = " + name + " </h3>");
    }
}

Servlet 文件上传

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>文件上传</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="file" multiple>
        <button type="submit">提交</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

@WebServlet("/upload")
@MultipartConfig
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        Collection<Part> parts = req.getParts();
        for (Part part : parts) {
            System.out.println(part.getName());
            System.out.println(part.getSubmittedFileName());
            System.out.println(part.getContentType());
            System.out.println(part.getSize());
            Collection<String> headerNames = part.getHeaderNames();
            for (String headerName : headerNames) {
                part.getHeader(headerName);
            }
            InputStream is = part.getInputStream();
            // 使用的是相对路径
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("E:\\uploads\\" + part.getSubmittedFileName());
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
                os.write(buf, 0, len);
            }
            os.close();
            System.out.println("==========================================");
        }
    }
}