OrientDB系列：（一）初步使用及相关概念

1 初步使用

1.1 安装

• 目前OrientDB的最新版本为3.x，可通过官网下载。

python通过pyorient包与OrientDB连接时，需要OrientDB版本为2.x，下载地址。其中，2.2.x版本中仅有2.2.35可下载。

• 将下载的文件解压，运行./bin/server.bat来启动服务。
  • 初次运行时，会提示设置初始数据库demo的密码。
• 之后可运行./bin/console.bat来启动客户端。
  • 通过命令CREATE DATABASE <engine>:<db-name>来新建数据库。
    • 其中，<engine>的内容如表1。
  • 通过命令IMPORT DATABASE ./demo.gz，将数据导入到数据库中。
  • 通过命令connect remote:/localhost:2424/dbName userName passWord连接数据库。

表1 OrientDB的Engine类型

Engine	Description	Example
plocal	将数据存储到文件中，同时会将对数据库的改动保存在log中，可以用来恢复数据。	plocal:/temp/databases/petshop/petshop
memory	在内存中打开数据库。	memory:petshop
remote	在OrientDB服务启动并且运行后，可以通过远程网络连接打开数据库。多个客户端可以共享该数据库。命令：remote:<server>:[<port>]/db-name。端口默认设置为2424.	remote:localhost/petshop

1.2 与Python交互

交互方式可以参考w3cschool和悦仔子_一心等啊等_SJ。示例代码如下：

from pyorient.ogm import Config, Graph
# 配置连接数据
config = Config.from_url('/localhost/bomc', "username", "pwd")
# 建立连接
g = Graph(config, "username", "pwd")
# 发送查询命令（SQL）
result = g.client.command("select from V")
# 发送查询命令（Gremlin）
result = g.client.gremlin("g.V().has('app_name', 'ArchErVal')")

2 概念

2.1 OrientDB导出的JSON数据格式

OrientDB导出的JSON文件包含四个部分，为Info Section, Clusters Section, Schema Section和Records Section。

2.1.1 Info Section

示例

"info": { 
    "name": "demo", 
    "default-cluster-id": 2, 
    "exporter-format": 2, 
    "engine-version": "1.7-SNAPSHOT", 
    "storage-config-version": 2, 
    "schema-version": 4, 
    "mvrbtree-version": 0 
} 

说明

Parameter	Description	JSON Type
"name"	Defines the name of the database.	String
"default-cluster-id"	Defines the Cluster ID to use by default. Range: 0-32,762.	Integer
"exporter-format"	Defines the version of the database exporter.	Integer
"engine-version"	Defines the version of OrientDB.	String
"storage-version"	Defines the version of the Storage layer.	Integer
"schema-version"	Defines the version of the schema exporter.	Integer
"mvrbtree-version"	Defines the version of the MVRB-Tree.	Integer

2.1.2 Clusters Section

示例

"clusters": [
  {"name": "internal", "id": 0, "type": "PHYSICAL"},
  {"name": "index", "id": 1, "type": "PHYSICAL"},
  {"name": "default", "id": 2, "type": "PHYSICAL"}
]

说明

Parameter	Description	JSON Type
"name"	Defines the logical name of the cluster.	String
"id"	Defines the Cluster ID. Range: 0-32, 767.	Integer
"type"	Defines the cluster type: PHYSICAL, LOGICAL and MEMORY.	String

2.1.3 Schema Section

示例

"schema":{
  "version": 210,
  "classes": [
    {"name": "Account", "default-cluster-id": 9, "cluster-ids": [9],
      "properties": [
        {"name": "binary", "type": "BINARY", "mandatory": false, "not-null": false},
        {"name": "birthDate", "type": "DATE", "mandatory": false, "not-null": false},
        {"name": "id", "type": "INTEGER", "mandatory": false, "not-null": false}
      ]
    }
  ]
}

说明

Parameter	Description	JSON Type
"version"	Defines the version of the record storing the schema. Range: 0-2,147,483,647.	Integer
"classes"	Defines a list of entries for each class in the schema.	Array

Parameters for the Classes Subsection:

Parameter	Description	JSON Type
"name"	Defines the logical name of the class.	String
"default-cluster-id"	Defines the default Cluster ID for the class. It represents the cluster that stores the class records.	Integer
"cluster-ids"	Defines an array of Cluster ID’s that store the class records. The first ID is always the default Cluster ID.	Array of Integers
"properties"	Defines a list of entries for each property for the class in the schema.	Array

Parameters for the Properties Sub-subsection:

Parameter	Description	JSON Type
"name"	Defines the logical name of the property.	String
"type"	Defines the property type.	String
"mandatory"	Defines whether the property is mandatory.	Boolean
"not-null"	Defines whether the property accepts a NULL value.	Boolean

2.1.4 Records Section

示例

"records": [
   {"@type": "d", "@rid": "#12:476", "@version": 0, "@class": "Account",
    "account_id": 476,
    "date": "2011-12-09 00:00:00:0000",
    "@fieldTypes": ["account_id=i", "date=t"]
   },
   {"@type": "d", "@rid": "#12:477", "@version": 0,    "@class": "Whiz",
    "id": 477,
    "date": "2011-12-09 00:00:00:000",
    "text": "He in office return He inside electronics for $500,000 Jay",
    "@fieldTypes": "date=t"
   }
]

说明

Parameters for Metadata:

Parameter	Description	JSON Type
"@type"	Defines the record-type: d for Document, b for Binary.	String
"@rid"	Defines the Record ID, using the format: <cluster-id>:<cluster-position>.	String
"@version"	Defines the record version. Range: 0-2, 147, 483, 647.	Integer
"@class"	Defines the logical class name for the record.	String
"@fieldTypes"	Defines an array of the types for each field in this record.	Any

Supported Field Types

Value	Type
l	Long
f	Float
d	Double
s	Short
t	Datetime
d	Date
c	Decimal
b	Byte