了解ReentrantReadWriteLock锁的使用

简介

1.ReentrantReadWriteLock分为读锁和写锁.
2.读锁也称为共享锁,进行读相关操作,多个线程都可获取该锁.
3.写锁也称为互斥锁,进行写相关操作,同一时刻只允许一个线程获取该锁.

读读共享

示例读读共享代码：

/**
 * TODO
 * 类ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用：读读共享.
 *
 * @author 86182
 * @version V1.0
 * @since 2020-08-31 16:36
 */
public class Service {
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void read() {
        try {
            try {
                lock.readLock().lock();
                System.out.println("获得读锁：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "：" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } finally {
                lock.readLock().unlock();
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

定义线程A：

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        service.read();
    }
}

定义线程B

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        service.read();
    }
}

测试类：

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();
        ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);
        threadA.setName("A");
        threadA.start();
        ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(service);
        threadB.setName("B");
        threadB.start();
    }
}

测试结果：

从结果得知两个线程是同一时刻进入read()方法.

写写互斥

代码示例：

/**
 * TODO
 * 类ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用：写写互斥.
 *
 * @author 86182
 * @version V1.0
 * @since 2020-08-31 16:36
 */
public class Service {
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void read() {
        try {
            try {
                lock.writeLock().lock();
                System.out.println("获得写锁：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " + System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } finally {
                lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

定义线程和测试类和读读共享一致.

测试结果：

由结果得知,当一个线程获取写锁,其他线程将会阻塞,直到该锁被释放,其他线程才能获取锁.

读写互斥

读写互斥代码示例：

/**
 * TODO
 * 类ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用：读写互斥.
 *
 * @author 86182
 * @version V1.0
 * @since 2020-08-31 16:36
 */
public class Service {
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void read() {
        try {
            try {
                lock.readLock().lock();
                System.out.println("获得读锁：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " + System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } finally {
                lock.readLock().unlock();
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void write() {
        try {
            try {
                lock.writeLock().lock();
                System.out.println("获得写锁：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } finally {
                lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

线程A,获取读锁.

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        service.read();
    }
}

线程B，获取写锁.

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        service.write();
    }
}

测试类：

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Service service = new Service();
        ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);
        threadA.setName("A");
        threadA.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(service);
        threadB.setName("B");
        threadB.start();
    }
}

测试结果：

可以看到,当一个线程获取读锁操作时,其他线程获取写锁进行操作将进行阻塞,直到读操作释放锁.其他线程才能获取写锁.

---

简单深入了解：


1.从源码可以看出,ReentrantLock,ReentrantReadWriteLock里面有个内部类都继承了AbstractQueuedSynchronizer抽象类.
2.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer类是并发的基础框架，用于实现依赖先进先出（FIFO）等待队列的阻塞锁和相关同步器（信号量，事件等）。 以原子方式更新int使用方法操纵值getState() ， setState(int)和compareAndSetState(int, int)被跟踪相对于同步。我们也可以用此类构建自定义的共享锁和独占锁.具体可自己查看源码.
3.许多并发容器的实现都是继承了该抽象类,如Semaphore,CountDownLatch.