python 函数装饰器

函数装饰器简单说就是将被修饰的函数作为参数传给@符号引用的函数

import time


# def cal_time(fn):
#     start = time.time()
#     # test()
#     fn()
#     end = time.time()
#     print(end - start)


def cal_decorator(fn):
    def do_action():
        start = time.time()
        fn()
        end = time.time()
        print('{}函数耗时{}'.format(fn, end - start))

    return do_action


@cal_decorator
def test():
    print('hehe')
    time.sleep(3)
    print('hahahaha')


# time.time()拿到是时间戳.从1970-1-1 08:00:00 UTC+8 开始，到现在的秒数
# start = time.time()
# test()
# end = time.time()
# print(end - start)

# cal_time(test)

test()


@cal_decorator
def demo():
    y = 0
    for x in range(10000000):
        y += x


# start = time.time()
# demo()
# end = time.time()
# print(end - start)

# cal_time(demo)

demo()


@cal_decorator
def foo():
    y = 0
    for x in range(10000000):
        y += x


foo()

装饰器示例

1：无参的函数

def check_time(action):
    def do_action():
        action()
    return do_action

@check_time
def go_to_bed():
     print('去睡觉')

go_to_bed()

上面代码理解装饰器执行行为可理解成

result = check_time(go_to_bed) # 把go_to_bed 当做参数传入给 check_time函数，再定义一个变量用来保存check_time的运行结果
result() # check_time 函数的返回值result是一个函数, result()再调用这个函数，让它再调用go_to_bed函数

2：被装饰的函数有参数：

def can_play(fn):
    def do_action(name, game, *args, **kwargs):
        if kwargs.get('clock', 21) < 21:
            fn(name, game)
        else:
            print('时间太晚了，不能玩儿了')

    return do_action


@can_play
def play_game(name, game):
    print(name + '正在玩儿' + game)


play_game('张三', '王者荣耀')
play_game('李四', '绝地求生', clock=22)

3：装饰器带参数

# clock = int(input('请输入时间:'))


def can_play(clock):
    def handle_action(fn):
        def do_action(name, game, *args, **kwargs):
            if clock < 21:
                fn(name, game)
            else:
                print('太晚了，不能玩儿了！！！')

        return do_action

    return handle_action


@can_play(21)
def play_game(name, game):
    print(name + '正在玩儿' + game)


play_game('张三', '王者荣耀')
play_game('李四', '绝地求生')

4：被装饰的函数有不定长参数

def test(cal):
    def do_cal(*args,**kwargs):
        cal(*args,**kwargs)
    return do_cal

@test
def demo(*args):
    sum = 0
    for x in args:
        sum +=x
    print(sum)

demo(1, 2, 3, 4)

5：装饰器中的return

def test(cal):
    def do_cal(*args,**kwargs):
        return cal(*args,**kwargs)  # 需要再这里写return语句，表示调用函数，获取函数的返回值并返回
    return do_cal

@test
def demo(a,b):
    return a + b


print(demo(1, 2))  #3

总结：

一般情况下为了让装饰器更通用，可以有return

装饰器提高：

def outer_check(base_permission):
    def check_permission(action):
        def do_action(my_permission):
            if my_permission & base_permission:
                return action(my_permission)
            else:
                return '对不起，您不具有该权限'
        return do_action
    return check_permission

READ_PERMISSION = 1
WRITE_PERMISSION = 2
EXECUTE_PERMISSION = 4

@outer_check(base_permission=READ_PERMISSION)
def read(my_permission):
    return '读取数据'

@outer_check(base_permission=WRITE_PERMISSION)
def write(my_permission):
    return '写入数据'

@outer_check(base_permission=EXECUTE_PERMISSION)
def execute(my_permission):
    return '执行程序'

print(read(5))