leetcode竞赛：308 场周赛

日期：20220828
链接：https://leetcode.cn/contest/weekly-contest-308/
leetcode算法周赛，简要记录。

第一题 6160. 和有限的最长子序列

这道题应该和第二题换一下位置。感觉这道题比第二题难一些。不过后来知道这个题数据量小，不用前缀和+二分也能做。
但是能证明：排序后从最小的数开始算，就是最后答案，还是有些思维量的。

// 补充 非二分的包子做法
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> answerQueries(vector<int>& nums, vector<int>& queries) {
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        for (int i = 1; i < nums.size(); i++) nums[i] += nums[i - 1];
        vector<int> res;
        for (auto x:queries) {
            int i = 0;
            for (; i < nums.size(); i++) {
                if (nums[i] > x) break;
            }
            res.push_back(i);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> answerQueries(vector<int>& nums, vector<int>& queries) {
        vector<int> sums;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        sums.push_back(0);
        for (auto c : nums) {
            sums.push_back(sums.back() + c);
        }
        vector<int > ans;
        for (int k : queries) {
            int l = 0, r = sums.size() - 1;
            while (l < r) {
                int mid = (l + r + 1) / 2;
                if (sums[mid] <= k) {
                    l = mid;
                } else {
                    r = mid - 1;
                }
            }
            ans.push_back(l);
            
        }
        return ans;
        
    }
};

第二题 6161. 从字符串中移除星号

按照题意模拟就行，非常简单

class Solution {
public:
    string removeStars(string s) {
        string k;
        for (auto c : s) {
            if (c == '*') k.pop_back();
            else k += c;
            
        }
        return k;
    }
};

第三题 6162. 收集垃圾的最少总时间

题目很长，很唬人。实际上，只要三个车是独立的，可以直接计算。题目比较简单，但是里面涉及的值比较多。比赛时，没捋清楚这些值，编码复杂了一些，甚至都用了后缀和…。以后注意一些，想清楚数据之后，再编码.

typedef long long LL;
class Solution {
public:
    int garbageCollection(vector<string>& garbage, vector<int>& travel) {
        int n = garbage.size();
        vector<LL> mm(n + 1, 0), gg(n + 1, 0), pp(n + 1, 0);
        
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            LL a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
            cacl(garbage[i], a, b, c);
            mm[i] = mm[i + 1] + a;
            pp[i] = pp[i + 1] + b;
            gg[i] = gg[i + 1] + c;
        }
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (mm[i]) {
                res += mm[i] - mm[i + 1];
                if (mm[i + 1])  res += travel[i];
            }
            if (gg[i]) {
                res += gg[i] - gg[i + 1];
                if (gg[i + 1])  res += travel[i];
            }
            if (pp[i]) {
                res += pp[i] - pp[i + 1];
                if (pp[i + 1])  res += travel[i];
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    void cacl(string &s, LL &a, LL &b, LL &c) {
        for (auto t : s) { // auto 写成了c，还debug了好久
            if (t == 'M') a++;
            if (t == 'P') b++;
            if (t == 'G') c++;
        }
    }
};

第二次编码，要简洁的多

class Solution {
public:
    int garbageCollection(vector<string>& garbage, vector<int>& travel) {
        int res = cacl(garbage, travel, 'G');
        res += cacl(garbage, travel, 'P');
        res += cacl(garbage, travel, 'M');
        return res;
    }
    int cacl(vector<string>& garbage, vector<int>& travel, char c) {
        int n = garbage.size(), res = 0;
        for (int i = 0, last = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (auto cc : garbage[i]) {
                if (cc == c) {
                    while (last != i) res += travel[last++];
                    res++;
                }
            }
        }
        cout << res << endl;
        return res;
    }
};

第四题 6163. 给定条件下构造矩阵

只要想到拓扑排序，并且想到行与列相互独立，就可以做。
比赛用了dfs的拓扑排序算法，需要两个全局值，来判断环和存储答案。用入度计算来拓扑排序更好一些。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> sorted;
    int flag;
    vector<vector<int>> buildMatrix(int k, vector<vector<int>>& rowConditions, vector<vector<int>>& colConditions) {
        vector<vector<int>> g1(k + 1), g2(k + 1);
        for (auto pp : rowConditions) {
            g1[pp[1]].push_back(pp[0]);
        }
        for (auto pp : colConditions) {
            g2[pp[1]].push_back(pp[0]);
        }
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        
        flag = 0;
        vector<int> visited(k + 1);
        for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
            if (!visited[i]) {
                dfs(g1, i, visited);    
            }
        }
        if (flag) return res;
        
        vector<int> sorted2 = sorted;
        sorted.clear();
        for (auto& c : visited) c = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
            if (!visited[i]) {
                dfs(g2, i, visited);    
            }
        }
        if (flag) return res;
        
        // 两个循环来建图。实际上可以一个循环来做，但是分开更容易想
        unordered_map<int, int> idx;
        for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
            vector<int> t(k); 
            t[0] = sorted2[i - 1];  // 把行的拓扑序放在每一行的开始，并记录该数字在第几行。
            idx[t[0]] = i - 1;
            res.push_back(t);
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
            int nm = sorted[i - 1];  // 表示数字nm要在第 i 列
            swap(res[idx[nm]][0], res[idx[nm]][i - 1]); // 找到nm的行数。交换首值和第i列的值
        }
        
        return res;
    }
    void dfs(const vector<vector<int>> &g, int i, vector<int> &visited) {
        visited[i] = 1;
        for (int t : g[i]) {
            if (visited[t] == 1) {
                flag = 1;
                return;
            } else if (!visited[t]) {
                dfs(g, t, visited);
            }
        }
        visited[i] = 2;
        sorted.push_back(i);
    }
    
};

链式前向星

int h[405], e[10005], nx[10005], idx, rd[405], st[405];
class Solution {
public:
    void add(int a, int b) {
        e[idx] = b, rd[b]++, nx[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
    }
    vector<int> Topology(int k) {
        memset(st, 0, sizeof st);
        vector<int> res;
        for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
            int v = -1;
            for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) if (st[i] == 0 && rd[i] == 0) {
                v = i;
                break;
            }
            res.push_back(v);
            
            if (v == -1) break;
            st[v] = 1;
            for (int j = h[v]; ~j; j = nx[j]) {
                int nv = e[j];
                rd[nv]--;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    vector<vector<int>> buildMatrix(int k, vector<vector<int>>& rowConditions, vector<vector<int>>& colConditions) {
        // 基于行拓扑排序
        memset(h, -1, sizeof(h));
        memset(rd, 0, sizeof(rd));
        idx = 0;
        for (auto &p : rowConditions) {
            int a = p[0], b = p[1];
            add(a, b);
        }
        vector<int> rows = Topology(k);
        if (rows.size() != k) return {};
        vector<int> mmap(k + 1);
        // 建立行索引映射
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            mmap[rows[i]] = i;
        }
        // 基于列拓扑排序
        memset(h, -1, sizeof(h));
        memset(rd, 0, sizeof(rd));
        idx = 0;
        for (auto &p : colConditions) {
            int a = p[0], b = p[1];
            add(a, b);
        }

        vector<int> cols = Topology(k);
        if (cols.size() != k) return {};

        // 构造结果
        vector<vector<int>> res(k, vector<int>(k));
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            res[mmap[cols[i]]][i] = cols[i];
        }
        return res;
    }
};