thread04

// 线程安全的栈
// top() pop() empty() stack接口存在竞争关系
// 避免死锁 避免嵌套锁，避免持有锁时调用用户代码，使用固定顺序获取锁
#include <exception>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <stack>
struct empty_stack:std::exception
{
    const char* what()const throw()
    {
        return "empty stack";
    };
};

template<typename T>
class threadsafe_stack
{
    private:
    std::stack<T> data;
    mutable std::mutex m;

    public:
    threadsafe_stack():data(std::stack<T>())
    {
        ;
    }

    //拷贝构造
    threadsafe_stack(const threadsafe_stack& other)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(other.m);
        data=other.data;
    }
    threadsafe_stack& operator=(const threadsafe_stack&)=delete;
    void push(T new_value)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
        data.push(new_value);
    }

    std::shared_ptr<T> pop()
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
        if(data.empty())
        {
            throw empty_stack();
        }
        std::shared_ptr<T> const res(std::make_shared<T>(data.top()));
        data.pop();
        return res;
    }

    void pop(T& value)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
        if(data.empty())
        {
            throw empty_stack();
        }
        value=data.top();
        data.pop();
    }

    bool empty() const
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
        return data.empty();
    }

}