java.sql.SQLException: Unknown initial character set index '255' received from server.

这是由于mysql-connector-java 的版本问题造成的
问题发生在mysql 8.0的更改中:默认字符集已从latin 1更改为utf8mb4

这些系统变量受到影响：

character_set_server and character_set_database系统变量的默认值从latin1 to utf8mb4.

the collation_server and collation_database 系统变量的默认值latin1_swedish_ci to utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci.

解决方法:所有这些更改都已在新版本mysql-connector-java处理，无需配置MySQL。
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.44</version>
</dependency>