代码随想录算法训练营第十五天|110.平衡二叉树，257. 二叉树的所有路径，404. 左叶子之和，222. 完全二叉树的节点个数

110.平衡二叉树

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def isBalanced(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
        if not root:
            return False
            
        def getHeight(s):
            if not s:
                return 0
            lt = getHeight(s.left)
            if lt == -1:
                return -1
            rt = getHeight(s.right)
            if rt == -1:
                return -1
            if abs(lt-rt)>1:
                return -1
            else:
                return  max(lt,rt) + 1    
            
            
        return False if getHeight(root)==-1 else True


        

递归相对简单点，代码精简

class Solution:
    def isBalanced(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
        return self.get_hight(root) != -1
    def get_hight(self, node):
        if not node:
            return 0
        left = self.get_hight(node.left)
        right = self.get_hight(node.right)
        if left == -1 or right == -1 or abs(left - right) > 1:
            return -1
        return max(left, right) + 1

迭代法略复杂，暂时省略。

257. 二叉树的所有路径

给你一个二叉树的根节点 root ，按 任意顺序 ，返回所有从根节点到叶子节点的路径。

叶子节点 是指没有子节点的节点。

示例 1：
输入：root = [1,2,3,null,5]
输出：[“1->2->5”,“1->3”]

示例 2：
输入：root = [1]
输出：[“1”]

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def binaryTreePaths(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[str]:
        if not root:
            return []
        result = []
        if not root.left and not root.right:
            result.append(str(root.val))
            return result
        if  root.left :
            for i in self.binaryTreePaths(root.left):
                result.append(str(root.val)+'->'+i)
        if  root.right:
            for i in self.binaryTreePaths(root.right):
                result.append(str(root.val)+'->'+i)
        return result 

404. 左叶子之和

示例 1：
输入: root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
输出: 24
解释: 在这个二叉树中，有两个左叶子，分别是 9 和 15，所以返回 24

示例 2:
输入: root = [1]
输出: 0
参考方法递归

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
        if not root:
            return 0
        if not root.left and not root.right:
            return 0
        leftValue = self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left)  # 左
        if root.left and not root.left.left and not root.left.right:  # 左子树是左叶子的情况
            leftValue = root.left.val           
        rightValue = self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)  # 右
        sum_val = leftValue + rightValue  # 中
        return sum_val

精简

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        leftValue = 0
        if root.left is not None and root.left.left is None and root.left.right is None:
            leftValue = root.left.val
        return leftValue + self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left) + self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)

迭代法

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        st = [root]
        result = 0
        while st:
            node = st.pop()
            if node.left and node.left.left is None and node.left.right is None:
                result += node.left.val
            if node.right:
                st.append(node.right)
            if node.left:
                st.append(node.left)
        return result

222. 完全二叉树的节点个数

给你一棵 完全二叉树 的根节点 root ，求出该树的节点个数。

完全二叉树 的定义如下：在完全二叉树中，除了最底层节点可能没填满外，其余每层节点数都达到最大值，并且最下面一层的节点都集中在该层最左边的若干位置。若最底层为第 h 层，则该层包含 1~ 2h 个节点。

递归法

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def countNodes(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
        if not root:
            return 0
        left = self.countNodes(root.left)
        right = self.countNodes(root.right)
        return left + right + 1

迭代参考

import collections
class Solution:
    def countNodes(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        queue = collections.deque()
        if root:
            queue.append(root)
        result = 0
        while queue:
            size = len(queue)
            for i in range(size):
                node = queue.popleft()
                result += 1 #记录节点数量
                if node.left:
                    queue.append(node.left)
                if node.right:
                    queue.append(node.right)
        return result

总结：递归相对容易理解掌握，迭代法待后续加深学习。