springboot项目：NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String

java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122) [na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192) [na:1.8.0_191]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:942) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:872) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1420) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1410) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) [na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_191]
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [Pipeline[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [org.apache.catalina.authenticator.NonLoginAuthenticator[]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.startInternal(StandardPipeline.java:182) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 8 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.startInternal(AuthenticatorBase.java:1181) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 10 common frames omitted

2019-06-15 11:38:17.780 ERROR 20560 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase   : A child container failed during start

java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:942) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:793) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:366) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:107) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.<init>(TomcatWebServer.java:86) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getTomcatWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:413) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:174) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.createWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:179) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:152) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542) [spring-context-5.0.10.RELEASE.jar:5.0.10.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:140) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:754) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:386) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1242) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1230) [spring-boot-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar:2.0.6.RELEASE]
	at com.mengxuegu.HelloMailApplication.main(HelloMailApplication.java:9) [classes/:na]
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1420) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1410) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:950) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:872) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:942) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 8 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [Pipeline[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [org.apache.catalina.authenticator.NonLoginAuthenticator[]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.startInternal(StandardPipeline.java:182) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 8 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.startInternal(AuthenticatorBase.java:1181) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	... 10 common frames omitted

2019-06-15 11:38:17.784  INFO 20560 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Stopping service [Tomcat]
2019-06-15 11:38:17.786  WARN 20560 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start web server; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
2019-06-15 11:38:17.791  INFO 20560 --- [           main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : 

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2019-06-15 11:38:17.795 ERROR 20560 --- [           main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter   : 

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

An attempt was made to call the method javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String; but it does not exist. Its class, javax.servlet.ServletContext, is available from the following locations:

    jar:file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/lib/ext/servlet-api.jar!/javax/servlet/ServletContext.class
    jar:file:/C:/Users/75905/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.34/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar!/javax/servlet/ServletContext.class

It was loaded from the following location:

    file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/lib/ext/servlet-api.jar


Action:

Correct the classpath of your application so that it contains a single, compatible version of javax.servlet.ServletContext


Process finished with exit code 1

–
异常处理总结：
1、先查看异常日志描述：这里可以看到servlet-api.jar 加载位置在C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/lib/，进而先到该物理位置确认jar包情况，最后确认

Description:
An attempt was made to call the method javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String; but it does not exist. Its class, javax.servlet.ServletContext, is available from the following locations:

jar:file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/lib/ext/servlet-api.jar!/javax/servlet/ServletContext.class
jar:file:/C:/Users/75905/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.34/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar!/javax/servlet/ServletContext.class

It was loaded from the following location:

file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/lib/ext/servlet-api.jar

---

描述:
尝试调用方法javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;但它并不存在。它的类,javax.servlet。ServletContext，可从以下位置获得:

jar:文件:/ C: /程序% 20文件/ Java / jdk1.8.0_191 / jre / lib / ext / servlet-api.jar ! / javax / servlet / ServletContext.class
jar:文件:/ C: /用户/ 75905 / .m2 /库/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.34/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar ! / javax / servlet / ServletContext.class

它是从以下位置加载的:
文件:C: /程序% 20文件/ Java / jdk1.8.0_191 / jre / lib / ext / servlet-api.jar

2.解决方法：这里可以看到有一个servlet-api.jar，直接删除，重启项目即可以成功。

原因：我们看到的这个servlet-api.jar一定是个低版本的Jar，且这个jar中javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String不存在，而getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String是ServletContext这个类的方法。类加载时首先会从JDK加载servlet-api.jar，若JDK中没有servlet-api.jar，再从springboot内置的tomcat中加载，反之先使用JDK中的servlet-api.jar，造成了本次异常。

另外可参考http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-2623371.html

2、另外还有可能是其他原因造成Jar包冲突，可参考其他人异常处理：
https://blog.csdn.net/a785975139/article/details/80640425
https://blog.csdn.net/typist_/article/details/52824265
https://blog.csdn.net/superdangbo/article/details/78643626