文件读写

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最新推荐文章于 2023-02-11 10:06:37 发布

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分类专栏：笔记程序案例文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43271282/article/details/104967157

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day1
概念+相关函数
1.特殊文件流:
程序执行后,操作系统会默认帮程序打开3个流
stdin:标准输入流
stdout:标准输出流
stderr:标准出错流

2.流的输入输出:

1.缓存类型

1.全缓存 4k
缓存区满刷新缓存
刷新条件:
1.缓存区满刷新
2.程序结束刷新
3.fflush刷新

			与文件建立的流为全缓存

2.行缓存 1k
遇到\n刷新缓存
刷新条件:
1.遇到\n刷新缓存
2.缓存区存满刷新
3.程序结束刷新
4.fflush刷新

			与终端建立的流为行缓存 stdin stdout

3.不缓存 0k stderr
直接刷新

			人机交互、界面控制、出错

3.函数接口:

fopen：打开文件

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "a");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

1.fclose
int fclose(FILE *fp);
功能:
关闭文件流
参数:
fp:文件流指针
返回值:
关闭失败返回EBADF

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	fclose(stdout);
	fclose(stdin);

	getchar();
	printf("hello world!\n");

	return 0;
}

2.setvbuf
int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int mode, size_t size);
功能:
改变一个已经打开流的缓存类型
参数:
stream:文件流指针
buf:缓存存放位置空间首地址
mode:
_IONBF 不缓存
_IOFBF 全缓存
_IOLBF 行缓存
size:缓存空间大小
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回非0

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	char TmpBuff[4096] = {
   0};
//	setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
	setvbuf(stdout, TmpBuff, _IOFBF, 4096);
	setvbuf(stdout, TmpBuff, _IOLBF, 1024);
	printf("hello world\n");
	
	while (1)
	{
   
	
	}

	return 0;
}

3.fputc
int fputc(int c, FILE *stream);
功能:
向流中写入一个字符
参数:
c:要写入的字符
stream:文件流指针
返回值:
成功返回写入字符的ASCII码值
失败返回EOF

	练习:向文件中写入一个字符串"hello world"

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char ch = 'A';

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "w");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	fputc('a', fp);
	fputc(100, fp);
	fputc(ch, fp);

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char Str[32] = {
   "hello world"};
	char *pTmp = NULL;

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "w");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	pTmp = Str;
	while (*pTmp != '\0')
	{
   
		fputc(*pTmp, fp);
		pTmp++;
	}

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

4.fgetc
int fgetc(FILE *stream);
功能:
从流中读取一个字符
参数:
stream:文件流指针
返回值:
成功返回读到字符的ASCII码值
失败返回EOF
读到文件末尾返回EOF

	练习:利用fgetc将文件中所有内容打印在终端屏幕上
	练习:利用fgetc和fputc实现文件内容的拷贝
			./a.out srcfile dstfile 
			
	ch = getchar() == ch = fgetc(stdin)
	putchar(ch)	== fputc(ch, stdout)

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char ch = 0;

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	ch = fgetc(fp);
	printf("ch = %c\n", ch);

	ch = fgetc(fp);
	printf("ch = %c\n", ch);

	ch = fgetc(fp);
	printf("ch = %c\n", ch);

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char Tmp = 0;
	char Str[1024] = {
   0};
	char *pTmp = NULL;

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	pTmp = Str;
	while (1)
	{
   
		Tmp = fgetc(fp);
		if (EOF == Tmp)
		{
   
			break;
		}
		*pTmp = Tmp;
		pTmp++;
	}
	
	printf("%s", Str);

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

5.fputs
int fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);
功能:
向流中写入一个字符串
参数:
s:字符串空间首地址
stream:文件流指针
返回值:
成功返回非负整数
失败返回EOF

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char Tmp = 0;

	if (argc != 2)
	{
   
		fprintf(stderr, "Usage:./a.out filename!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	while ((Tmp = fgetc(fp)) != EOF)
	{
   
		putchar(Tmp);
	}

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

**cp.c**

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fSrc = NULL;
	FILE *fDst = NULL;
	char Tmp = 0;

	if (argc < 3)
	{
   
		fprintf(stderr, "Usage:./a.out srcfile dstfile!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	fSrc = fopen(argv[1], "r");
	if (NULL == fSrc)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	fDst = fopen(argv[2], "w");
	if (NULL == fDst)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	while ((Tmp = fgetc(fSrc)) != EOF)
	{
   
		fputc(Tmp, fDst);
	}
	
	fclose(fSrc);
	fclose(fDst);

	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char TmpBuff[32] = "how are you";

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "w");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	fputs("hello world", fp);
	fputs(TmpBuff, fp);

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

6.fgets
char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);
功能:
从流读取一个字符串
参数:
s:存放字符串空间首地址
size:读取字符个数
stream:文件流指针
返回值:
成功返回读到字符串空间首地址
失败返回NULL
读到文件末尾返回NULL

	练习:利用fgets实现cat的功能
			./a.out filename 
		 利用fgets和fputs实现文件内容的拷贝
			./a.out srcfile dstfile

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char TmpBuff[4096] = {
   0};
	char *pRet = NULL;

	if (argc < 2)
	{
   
		fprintf(stderr, "Usage:./a.out filename!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	while (fgets(TmpBuff, sizeof(TmpBuff), fp) != NULL)
	{
   
		printf("%s", TmpBuff);
	}

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

	fgets		gets
	fgets不会去掉从终端接收的\n字符 
	gets会去掉从终端接收的\n字符 
	fgets比gets更加安全
	
	fputs		puts
	puts会多打印一个\n字符
	fputs不会多打印字符


fgetc	fputc	ASCII码文件
fgets	fputs 	ASCII码文件 
fread	fwrite	二进制文件

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char TmpBuff[10] = {
   0};

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	fgets(TmpBuff, sizeof(TmpBuff), fp);
	printf("TmpBuff = %s\n", TmpBuff);

	fgets(TmpBuff, sizeof(TmpBuff), fp);
	printf("TmpBuff = %s\n", TmpBuff);

	fgets(TmpBuff, sizeof(TmpBuff), fp);
	printf("TmpBuff = %s\n", TmpBuff);

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

7.fwrite
size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
FILE *stream);
功能:
向流中写入ptr指针指向空间的nmemb个对象,每个对象size个字节
参数:
ptr:写入数据空间的首地址
size:写入对象的字节数
nmemb:写入对象的个数
stream:文件流指针
返回值:
成功返回实际写入对象的个数
失败返回0

#include <stdio.h>

struct student 
{
   
	char name[32];
	char sex;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	struct student s = {
   "zhangsan", 'm', 19, 100};
	struct student a = {
   "lisi", 'f', 18, 90};
	struct student stu[2] = {
   
		{
   "wanger", 'm', 17, 100},
		{
   "zhaowu", 'f', 16, 80},
	};
	FILE *fp = NULL;

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "w");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}
	
	fwrite(&s, sizeof(s), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&a, sizeof(s), 1, fp);
	fwrite(stu, sizeof(struct student), 2, fp);

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

8.fread
size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);
功能:
从流中读取nmemb个对象,每个对象size个字节,放入ptr指向的空间中
参数:
ptr:存放数据空间首地址
size:对象的大小
nmemb:对象个数
stream:文件流指针
返回值:
成功返回实际读到对象的个数
失败返回0
读到文件末尾返回0

#include <stdio.h>

struct student 
{
   
	char name[32];
	char sex;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int ShowStuInfo(struct student tmp)
{
   
	printf("姓名:%s\n", tmp.name);
	printf("性别:%c\n", tmp.sex);
	printf("年龄:%d\n", tmp.age);
	printf("成绩:%d\n", tmp.score);

	return 0;
}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	struct student a;
	struct student b;
	struct student stu[2];
	size_t Ret;

	fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
	if (NULL == fp)
	{
   
		perror("fail to fopen");
		return -1;
	}

	while (fread(&a, sizeof(a), 1, fp) != 0)
	{
   
		ShowStuInfo(a);
	}

#if 0
	Ret = fread(&a, sizeof(a), 1, fp);
	printf("Ret = %d\n", Ret);
	ShowStuInfo(a);

	Ret = fread(&b, sizeof(b), 1, fp);
	printf("Ret = %d\n", Ret);
	ShowStuInfo(b);

	Ret = fread(stu, sizeof(struct student), 2, fp);
	printf("Ret = %d\n", Ret

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文件读写

文件day1概念+相关函数1.特殊文件流:程序执行后,操作系统会默认帮程序打开3个流stdin:标准输入流 stdout:标准输出流stderr:标准出错流2.流的输入输出:1.缓存类型1.全缓存 4k缓存区满刷新缓存刷新条件:1.缓存区满刷新2.程序结束刷新3.fflush刷新与文件建立的流为全缓存2.行缓存 1k遇到\n刷新缓存刷新条件:...
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