C#面向对象-04构造函数

构造函数的作用

帮助我们初始化对象，即给每个对象属性赋值

构造函数是什么

1.构造函数是一个特殊的方法，没有返回值，连void也不能写。
2.构造函数的名称必须和类名一样。
3.构造函数必须是public的
原因：创建对象时使用new 来创建，它会给我们做三件事情。
1）在内存中开辟块空间
2）在开辟的空间中创建对象
3）调用对象的构造函数初始化对象。
4. 不写构造函数的话会默认有一个无参数的构造函数。写上后这个默认的就消失了。
5. 构造函数可以进行重载。重载就是方法名相同，参数不同。

例子

没有构造函数

Student.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace _02构造函数
{
    class Student
    {
        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return this._name; }
            set { this._name = value; }
        }
        private int _age;
        public int Age
        {
            get { return this._age; }
            set { this._age = value; }
        }
        private char _gender;
        public char Gender 
        {
            get { return this._gender; }
            set { this._gender = value; }
        }
        private double _score;
        public double Score
        {
            get { return this._score; }
            set { this._score = value; }
        }

        public void Introduce()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我叫{0}，我是{1}生，我今年{2}岁了，我的分数是{3}分",this.Name,this.Gender,this.Age,this.Score);
        }

    }
}

Program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace _02构造函数
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student zsStudent = new Student();
            zsStudent.Name = "张三";
            zsStudent.Age = 18;
            zsStudent.Gender = '男';
            zsStudent.Score = 100;
            zsStudent.Introduce();

            Student lsStudent = new Student();
            lsStudent.Name = "李斯";
            lsStudent.Age = 18;
            lsStudent.Gender = '女';
            lsStudent.Score = 80;
            lsStudent.Introduce();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

没有构造函数的，初始化对象要对属性一个一个手动赋值。

有构造函数的

Student.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace _02构造函数
{
    class Student
    {
        //构造函数
        public Student(string name,int age,char gender,double score)
        {
            this.Name = name;
            this.Age = age;
            this.Gender = gender;
            this.Score = score;
        }
        public Student(string name, int age, char gender)
        {
            this.Name = name;
            this.Age = age;
            this.Gender = gender;
        }
     

        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return this._name; }
            set { this._name = value; }
        }
        private int _age;
        public int Age
        {
            get { return this._age; }
            set { this._age = value; }
        }
        private char _gender;
        public char Gender 
        {
            get { return this._gender; }
            set { this._gender = value; }
        }
        private double _score;
        public double Score
        {
            get { return this._score; }
            set { this._score = value; }
        }

        public void Introduce()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我叫{0}，我是{1}生，我今年{2}岁了，我的分数是{3}分",this.Name,this.Gender,this.Age,this.Score);
        }

    }
}

Program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace _02构造函数
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student zsStudent = new Student("张三",18,'男',100);
            //zsStudent.Name = "张三";
            //zsStudent.Age = 18;
            //zsStudent.Gender = '男';
            //zsStudent.Score = 100;
            zsStudent.Introduce();

            Student lsStudent = new Student("李斯",20,'女');
            //lsStudent.Name = "李斯";
            //lsStudent.Age = 18;
            //lsStudent.Gender = '女';
            //lsStudent.Score = 80;
            lsStudent.Introduce();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}