sed行编辑器
sed:(stream editor )用来操作纯 ASCII 码的文本,一次处理一行内容,处理时,把当前的行存储在临时缓冲区,称之为“模式空间”,处理完后把缓冲区的内容输送到屏幕,接着处理下一行,这样不断重复,直到文件末尾。
sed命令格式
sed [参数] ‘命令’ file
sed [参数] '命令' file
p ##显示
d ##删除
a ##添加
c ##替换
i ##插入
- p:
[root@server mnt]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 / xfs defaults 1 1
/dev/sr0 /rhel7.0 iso9660 defaults 0 0
[root@server mnt]#sed -n '/\:/p' /etc/fstab ##显示含有“:” 的行
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
[root@server mnt]#sed -n '/^#/p' /etc/fstab ##显示以“#”开头的行
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
[root@server mnt]#sed -n '/^#/!p' /etc/fstab ##显示不以“#”开头的行
UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 / xfs defaults 1 1
/dev/sr0 /rhel7.0 iso9660 defaults 0 0
[root@server mnt]#sed -n '2,6p' /etc/fstab ##显示2~6 行
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
[root@server mnt]#sed -n '2,6!p' /etc/fstab ##显示除2~6 行之外的其他行
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
[root@server mnt]# sed -n '2,6!p' /etc/fstab
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 / xfs defaults 1 1
/dev/sr0 /rhel7.0 iso9660 defaults 0 0
- d:
[root@server mnt]# sed '/^UUID/d' /etc/fstab ##删除以UUID开头的行
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/sr0 /rhel7.0 iso9660 defaults 0 0
[root@server mnt]# sed '/^#/d' /etc/fstab ##删除以“#'"开头的行
UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 / xfs defaults 1 1
/dev/sr0 /rhel7.0 iso9660 defaults 0 0
[root@server mnt]# sed '/^$/d' /etc/fstab ##删除空行
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 / xfs defaults 1 1
/dev/sr0 /rhel7.0 iso9660 defaults 0 0
[root@server mnt]# sed '1,4d' /etc/fstab ##删除1~4行
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 / xfs defaults 1 1
/dev/sr0 /rhel7.0 iso9660 defaults 0 0
- a:
sed '/hello/aworld' westos
sed 's/hello/hello world/g' westos
sed 's/hello/hello\nworld/g' westos
- c:替换
sed '/hello/chello world' westos
- i:
[root@server mnt]# sed '/hello/iworld\nwestos' westos
world
westos
hello
-i:改变原文件内容
sed -i 's/westos/redhat/' passwd
sed -i 's/westos/redhat/g' passwd ##全局替换
awk报告生成器
awk处理机制:根据模式一次从文件中抽取一行文本,对这行文本进行切片(默认使用空白字符作为分隔符)
1.Awk 是被设计用于文本处理,并通常被用作数据提取和报告工具的解释性程序设计语言
2.目前在Linux中常用的是 awk 编译版本有 mawk 、gawk
3.以 RedHat 为代表使用的是 gawk,以Ubuntu为代表使用的是 mawk
[root@server mnt]# cat test
this | is | a | file
$1 $2 $3 $4
[root@server mnt]#awk '{print $0}' test ##$0表示输出一整行
[root@server mnt]#awk '{print $1}' test
[root@server mnt]#awk '{print $4}' test
[root@server mnt]#awk '{print $1,$2}' test ##显示两个字段
[root@server mnt]#awk -F ":" '{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd ##指定分隔符
- awk常用变量
[root@server mnt]#awk '{print FILENAME,NR}' /etc/passwd ##输出文件名,和当前操作的行号
[root@server mnt]#awk -F: '{print NR,NF}' /etc/passwd ##输出每次处理的行号,以及当前以":"为分隔符的字段个数
总结:awk '{print "第NR行","有NF列"}' /etc/passwd
BEGIN{}:读入第一行文本之前执行的语句,一般用来初始化操作
{}:逐行处理
END{}:处理完最后以行文本后执行,一般用来处理输出结果
awk 'BEGIN { a=34;print a+10 }'
awk -F: 'BEGIN{print "REDHAT"} {print NR;print } END {print "WESTOS"}' westos ##文件开头加REDHAT,末尾加WESTOS,打印行号和内容
awk -F: '/bash$/{print}' /etc/passwd ##输出以bash结尾的
awk -F: 'NR==3 {print}' /etc/passwd
awk -F: 'NR % 2 == 0 {print}' /etc/passwd ##偶数行
awk -F: 'NR >=3 && NR <=5 {print }' /etc/passwd
awk 'BEGIN{i=0}{i+=NR}END{print i}' linux.txt ##统计文本总行数
awk的高级应用
- if单分支语句
awk -F: 'BEGIN{i=0}{if($7~/bash$/){i++}}END{print i}' /etc/passwd ##统计登录shell为bash的用户
awk -F: 'BEGIN{i=0}{if($3<500){i++}}END{print i}' /etc/passwd ##统计/etc/passwd下uid小于500的用户个数
- if双分支
awk -F: 'BEGIN{i=0;j=0}{if($3<=500){i++}else{j++}}END{print i,j}' /etc/passwd ##统计uid小于等于500和大于500的用户个数
- for循环
awk 'BEGIN{for(i=1;i<=5;i++){print i}}' ## 生成随机数
- while循环
[root@server mnt]# awk 'i=0{}BEGIN{while(i<3){++i;print i}}' test
1
2
3
[root@server mnt]# awk 'BEGIN{do{++i;print i}while(i<3)}' test
1
2
3