shell基础函数

脚本中的函数

   把一个复杂的语句块定义成一个字符串的方法

Host_Message()

{

       read -p "PLease input your action: " Action

       [ "Acton" == "exit" ] && exit 0

       [ "Acton" == "user" ] && echo You are $USER

       [ "Acton" == "hostname" ] && echo $HOST

       Host_Message

       }

Host_Message

eg:

expect命令

expect命令是自动应答命令用于交互式命令的自动执行，spawn是expect中的监控程序，其运行后会监控命令提出的交互问题

send     发送问题答案给交互命令

"\r"         表示回车

exp_cotinue    表示当前问题不存在时继续回答下面的问题

expect eof        表示问题回答完毕退出 expect环境

interact              表示问题回答完毕留在交互界面

set NAME [ LINDEX $argv n ]  定义变量

注意：我们要使用expect环境，就先要安装 expect 的包。expect的解释器是/usr/bin/expecteg:

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn /mnt/ask.sh

set timeout 5
expect {
"name"  { send "gaoqi\r"; exp_continue }
"old"   { send "19\r";    exp_continue }
"objective"    { send "student\r"; exp_continue }
"happy" { send "happy\r" }
}
expect eof

也可以使用变量的方式对问题进行赋值：

#!/usr/bin/expect
set Name [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set Old  [ lindex $argv 1 ]
set Obj  [ lindex $argv 2 ]
set Happy [ lindex $argv 3 ]
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect {
"name"  { send "$Name\r"; exp_continue }
"old"   { send "$Old\r";    exp_continue }
"objective"    { send "$Obj\r"; exp_continue }
"happy" { send "$Happy\r" }
}
expect eof

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh 172.25.254.68
expect {
        "connecting" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }
        "password"   { send "westos\r" }
}
interact

#!/bin/bash
read -p "What's your name? " Name
read -p "How old are you? " Old
read -p "Which objective are you study? " Obj
read -p "Are you happy?"  Happy
echo "$Name is $Old years old,and her job is $Obj fell $Happy!"

expect命令实现ssh自动连接

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh 172.25.254.68
expect {
        "connecting" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }
        "password"   { send "westos\r" }
}
interact

 

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn ssh root@$1
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password" { send "$2\r" }
}
expect eof
EOF

注意：expect和shell环境无法互通。

脚本中语句的控制器

exit   n   脚本退出，退出值为n（0~255）

break     提前退出当前循环

continue  提前结束循环内部的命令，但不终止循环

eg：

exit

#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..3}
do
        if
        [ "$i" = "2" ]
        then
        echo luck number
        exit
        echo $i
        fi
        echo $i
done

continue

#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..3}
do
        if
        [ "$i" = "2" ]
        then
        echo luck number
        continue
        echo $i
        fi
        echo $i
done

练习

• 输入分和秒开始倒计时

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Please input minute and second: " M S
clear
for((a=(M*60)+S;a>0;a--))
do
        echo -n $[a/60]:$[a%60]
        echo -ne " \r"
        sleep 1
done

• 输入文件名，判断文件类型

#！/bin/bash
while true
do
        read -p "Please input file you want to check: " File
        [ -e "$File" ] || {
                echo "$File is not exist!"

                exit
        }
        if [ -d "$File" ]
        then
                echo "$File is a directory!"
        elif [ -f "$File" ]
        then
                echo "$File is a file!"
        elif [ -L "$File" ]
        then
                echo "$File is a link!"
        elif [ -s "$File" ]
        then
                echo "$File is a scket!"
        elif [ -b "$File" ]
        then
                echo "$File is a block!"
        elif [ -c "$File" ]
        then
                echo "$File is a character!"    
        fi
done

运算方式及运算符号

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
        echo "You an input +-.....|exit"
        read -p "Please input action:" Action
        [ "$Action" = "exit" ] &&{
                echo bye
                exit 0
        }
        read -p "Please input a number:" a
        read -p "Please input another number:" b

        bc <<EOF
        $a $Action $b
EOF
done

#!/bin/bash
CAL()
{
        echo "You an input +-.....|exit"
        read -p "Please input action:" Action
        [ "$Action" = "exit" ] &&{
                echo bye
                exit 0
        }
        read -p "Please input a number:" a
        read -p "Please input another number:" b

        bc <<EOF
        $a $Action $b
EOF
CAL
}

CAL