一、简介
1、基本概念区分
(1)同步:Java自己处理IO读写。
(2)异步:Java将IO读写委托给OS处理,将数据缓冲区地址和大小传给OS,完成后OS通知Java处理。
(3)阻塞:调用后会一直阻塞到读写完成后再返回。
(4)非阻塞:如果不能立马读写,调用后就会马上返回,当IO事件分发器通知可再次读写时再进行读写,不断循环直到读写完成。
2、关于BIO、NIO、AIO模型
(1)BIO:同步并阻塞
服务器的实现模式为:一个连接,一个线程。
缺点:客户端连接数与服务端连接数成正比,容易造成不必要的线程开销,甚至导致内存溢出。
(2)NIO:同步非阻塞
服务器的实现模式为:多个请求,一个线程。请求会注册在IO复用器selector上,多路复用器轮询,直到连接有IO请求时才启动一个线程进行处理。
(3)AIO:异步非阻塞
服务器的实现模式为:多个有效请求,一个线程。客户端的IO请求会由OS先完成再通知服务器应用去启动线程处理。
二、BIO编程
1、服务端代码实现
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class BIOServerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//创建ServerSocket实例
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
//绑定端口
serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8889));
System.out.println("服务端启动");
//监听
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
//读
InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
//回复
OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
String s;
while((s=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(accept.getRemoteSocketAddress()+":"+s);
outputStream.write((s+"\n").getBytes());
outputStream.flush();
}
bufferedReader.close();
serverSocket.close();
accept.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、客户端代码实现
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BIOClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//创建Socket实例
Socket socket = new Socket();
//连接服务器,端口号与服务端对应
socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8889));
//写
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//接受服务端返回的消息
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
s.useDelimiter("\n");
String str;
while(s.hasNext()){
str=s.nextLine();
outputStream.write((str+"\n").getBytes());
String recv=bufferedReader.readLine();
System.out.println("echo:"+recv);
}
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3、BIO+多线程,客户端代码不变,修改服务端代码,以接收多个客户端的连接
服务端代码类:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class BIOMultiConnectDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8889));
System.out.println("服务器启动");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while(true){
try {
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
new Thread(new BIOMultiDemo(accept)).start();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
多线程实现代码类:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class NIOMultiDemo implements Runnable {
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
Selector selector;
public NIOMultiDemo(SocketChannel socketChannel) {
this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
try {
selector = Selector.open();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
int n = selector.select();
while (n > 0) {
Iterator iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = (SelectionKey) iterator.next();
iterator.remove();
if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
//有可接受的事件完成
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
//接收用户的连接
socketChannel = serverSocketChannel1.accept();
System.out.println("客户端:" + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}