c++——模板中的非类型参数

###在函数模板中使用非类型参数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//在函数模板中使用非类型参数
template<class T>void Swap(T &a, T &b);
template<typename T, unsigned N>void Swap(T (&a)[N],T (&b)[N]);

template<typename T, unsigned N>void printArray(T (&arr)[N]);

int main(){
	int m = 10, n = 90;
	Swap(m,n);
	cout << "m = " << m << ", n = " << n << endl;

	int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
	int b[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
	Swap(a, b);
	printArray(a);
	printArray(b);
	return 0;

}

template<class T> void Swap(T &a,T &b){
	T temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}

template<class T, unsigned N> void Swap(T (&a)[N],T (&b)[N]){
	T temp;
	for (int i = 0; i < N;i++){
		temp = a[i]; 
		a[i] = b[i];
		b[i] = temp;
	}
}

template<typename T, unsigned N>void printArray(T (&arr)[N]){
	for (int i = 0; i < N;i++){
		if (i == N-1){
			cout << arr[i] << endl;
		}
		else{
			cout << arr[i] << ",  ";
		}
	}

}

---

#####在类模板中使用非类型参数

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;

//动态数组实现，在类模板中使用非类型参数
template<typename T,int N>
class Array{
public:
	Array();
	~Array();
public:
	T & operator[](int i);//重载下标运算符
	int length() const{ return m_length; }//获取数组长度
	bool capacity(int n);//是否可改变数组容量
private:
	int m_length;//数组当前长度
	int m_capacity;//当前内存容量
	T *m_p;//指向数组内存的指针
};

template<typename T,int N>
Array<T, N>::Array(){
	m_p = new T[N];
	m_capacity = m_length = N;
}

template<typename T,int N>
Array<T, N>::~Array(){
	delete[] m_p;
}

template<typename T,int N>
T & Array<T, N>::operator[](int i){
	if (i<0||i>=m_length){
		cout << "Exception:Array index out of bounds!" << endl;
	}
	return m_p[i];
}

template<typename T,int N>
bool Array<T, N>:: capacity(int n){
	if (n>0){
		int len = m_length + n;
		if (len<=m_capacity){
			m_length = len;
			return true;
		}
		else{
			T *pTemp = new T[m_length + 2 * n*sizeof(T)];
			if (NULL==pTemp){
				cout << "Exception: Failed to allocate memory!";
				return false;
			}
			else{ 
				memcpy(pTemp,m_p,m_length*sizeof(T));
				delete[] m_p;
				m_p = pTemp;
				m_capacity = m_length = len;
			}
		}
	}
	else{
		int len = m_length - abs(n);
		if (len<0){
			cout << "Exception:Array length is too small!" << endl;
			return false;
		}
		else{
			m_length = len;
			return true;
		}
	}
}

int main(){
	Array<int, 5> arr;

	for (int i = 0, len = arr.length(); i < len;i++){
		arr[i] = 2 * i;
	}

	cout << "first print:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0, len = arr.length(); i < len;i++){
		cout << arr[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//扩大容量为增加的元素赋值
	arr.capacity(8);
	for (int i = 5, len = arr.length(); i < len;i++){
		arr[i] = 2 * i;
	}

	cout << endl;
	cout << "second print:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0, len = arr.length(); i < len;i++){
		cout << arr[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	arr.capacity(-4);
	cout << "third print: " << endl;
	for (int i = 0, len = arr.length(); i < len; i++){
		cout << arr[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}