那接下来咱们简单看看源码。。
SpringMvc的入口是servlet 所以先简单聊聊servlet。
Servlet的生命周期方法
-
init()方法
在Servlet的生命周期中，仅执行一次init()方法，它是在服务器装入Servlet时执行的，可以配置服务器，以在启动服务器或客户机首次访问Servlet时装入Servlet。无论有多少客户机访问Servlet，都不会重复执行init()； -
service()方法
它是Servlet的核心，每当一个客户请求一个HttpServlet对象，该对象的Service()方法就要调用，而且传递给这个方法一个“请求”（ServletRequest）对象和一个“响应”（ServletResponse）对象作为参数。在HttpServlet中已存在Service()方法。默认的服务功能是调用与HTTP请求的方法相应的do功能。 -
destroy()方法
仅执行一次，在服务器端停止且卸载Servlet时执行该方法，有点类似于C++的delete方法。一个Servlet在运行service()方法时可能会产生其他的线程，因此需要确认在调用destroy()方法时，这些线程已经终止或完成。
SpringMvc的入口 前端控制器
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
先看下它的继承体系
按照servlet生命周期方法 先找到初始化入口 init()方法 ，这个方法没在这个类中GenericServlet中
/**
* Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the
* servlet is being placed into service. See {@link Servlet#init}.
*
* <p>This implementation stores the {@link ServletConfig}
* object it receives from the servlet container for later use.
* When overriding this form of the method, call
* <code>super.init(config)</code>.
*
* @param config the <code>ServletConfig</code> object
* that contains configutation
* information for this servlet
*
* @exception ServletException if an exception occurs that
* interrupts the servlet's normal
* operation
*
* @see UnavailableException
*/
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
this.init();
}
/**
* A convenience method which can be overridden so that there's no need
* to call <code>super.init(config)</code>.
*
* <p>Instead of overriding {@link #init(ServletConfig)}, simply override
* this method and it will be called by
* <code>GenericServlet.init(ServletConfig config)</code>.
* The <code>ServletConfig</code> object can still be retrieved via {@link
* #getServletConfig}.
*
* @exception ServletException if an exception occurs that
* interrupts the servlet's
* normal operation
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
}
该方法它没有实现，而是被子类HttpServletBean给覆盖了，我们直接看看HttpServletBean的init()方法吧
/**
* Map config parameters onto bean properties of this servlet, and
* invoke subclass initialization.
* @throws ServletException if bean properties are invalid (or required
* properties are missing), or if subclass initialization fails.
*/
@Override
public final void init() throws ServletException {
// Set bean properties from init parameters.
//从配置文件中加载bean信息
PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
try {
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
initBeanWrapper(bw);
bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
//初始化servlet对象 就是dispatcherServlet的初始化
initServletBean();
}
接下来调用initServletBean()，不过该方法需要去HttpServletBean的子类FrameworkServlet中去看看
/**
* Overridden method of {@link HttpServletBean}, invoked after any bean properties
* have been set. Creates this servlet's WebApplicationContext.
*/
@Override
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring " + getClass().getSimpleName() + " '" + getServletName() + "'");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Initializing Servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
//创建spring容器
this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
initFrameworkServlet();
}
catch (ServletException | RuntimeException ex) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
throw ex;
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String value = this.enableLoggingRequestDetails ?
"shown which may lead to unsafe logging of potentially sensitive data" :
"masked to prevent unsafe logging of potentially sensitive data";
logger.debug("enableLoggingRequestDetails='" + this.enableLoggingRequestDetails +
"': request parameters and headers will be " + value);
}
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Completed initialization in " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + " ms");
}
}
方法调用到这里，我们终于知道DispatcherServlet初始化的主要工作是干嘛的了，就是为了创建Spring容器（其实容器内还要初始化一些组件）。接下来我们去看看FrameworkServlet类的initWebApplicationContext方法
/**
* Initialize and publish the WebApplicationContext for this servlet.
* <p>Delegates to {@link #createWebApplicationContext} for actual creation
* of the context. Can be overridden in subclasses.
* @return the WebApplicationContext instance
* @see #FrameworkServlet(WebApplicationContext)
* @see #setContextClass
* @see #setContextConfigLocation
*/
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
//父容器
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
//子容器
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
//这段代码以上是根据springmvc.xml配置文件创建spring容器
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
//初始化一些dispatcherServlet的默认配置
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
onRefresh(wac); 行以上是根据springmvc.xml配置文件创建spring容器，onRefresh()方法是初始化一些默认组件，比如HandlerMapping组件中的（BeanNameURLHandlerMapping），我们进入这个方法看看（DispatcherServlet类中）
/**
* This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
*/
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
initStrategies(context);
}
/**
* Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
* <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
*/
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
initMultipartResolver(context); //文件上传解析器
initLocaleResolver(context); //本地化解析器
initThemeResolver(context);//主题样式解析器
initHandlerMappings(context);//处理器映射解析器
initHandlerAdapters(context);//处理适配器
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);//异常处理
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);//请求到视图名称的转换
initViewResolvers(context);//初始化视图解析器ViewResolver
initFlashMapManager(context);//
}
看到了这个地方，我想大家已经明白入门程序为什么没有配置组件，spring容器中却依然有这些组件了吧。这个地方初始化了很多默认配置，我们随便找个initHandlerMapping来了解一下它们是怎么实现的吧
/**
* Initialize the HandlerMappings used by this class.
* <p>If no HandlerMapping beans are defined in the BeanFactory for this namespace,
* we default to BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping.
*/
private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
this.handlerMappings = null;
if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
}
}
else {
try {
HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
}
}
// Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
// a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
}
}
}
看看是如何加载默认策略的，进入getDefaultStrategies方法看看
/**
* Create a List of default strategy objects for the given strategy interface.
* <p>The default implementation uses the "DispatcherServlet.properties" file (in the same
* package as the DispatcherServlet class) to determine the class names. It instantiates
* the strategy objects through the context's BeanFactory.
* @param context the current WebApplicationContext
* @param strategyInterface the strategy interface
* @return the List of corresponding strategy objects
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected <T> List<T> getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context, Class<T> strategyInterface) {
String key = strategyInterface.getName();
String value = defaultStrategies.getProperty(key);
if (value != null) {
String[] classNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(value);
List<T> strategies = new ArrayList<>(classNames.length);
for (String className : classNames) {
try {
Class<?> clazz = ClassUtils.forName(className, DispatcherServlet.class.getClassLoader());
Object strategy = createDefaultStrategy(context, clazz);
strategies.add((T) strategy);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new BeanInitializationException(
"Could not find DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" + className +
"] for interface [" + key + "]", ex);
}
catch (LinkageError err) {
throw new BeanInitializationException(
"Unresolvable class definition for DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" +
className + "] for interface [" + key + "]", err);
}
}
return strategies;
}
else {
return new LinkedList<>();
}
}
defaultStrategies 中存放的dispatchservlet的资源配置文件
那么这个是什么时候初始化的呢
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";
/**
* Common prefix that DispatcherServlet's default strategy attributes start with.
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX = "org.springframework.web.servlet";
/** Additional logger to use when no mapped handler is found for a request. */
protected static final Log pageNotFoundLogger = LogFactory.getLog(PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY);
private static final Properties defaultStrategies;
static {
// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
// by application developers.
try {
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load '" + DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH + "': " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
上面 就是DispatcherServlet 初始化的过程就完成了
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