ASM实例down报ORA-04031: unable to allocate 3912 bytes of shared memory

• 故障描述
  asm实例ORA-04031 down掉，导致数据库实例也挂了。
• 详细报错如下：

ORA-04031: unable to allocate 3912 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,1)","ASM extent pointer array")
Incident details in: /grid/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/incident/incdir_380681/+ASM1_asmb_7667752_i380681.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
NOTE: ASMB terminating
Errors in file /grid/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_asmb_7667752.trc:
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 3912 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,1)","ASM extent pointer array")
Errors in file /grid/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_asmb_7667752.trc:
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 3912 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,1)","ASM extent pointer array")
ASMB (ospid: 7667752): terminating the instance due to error 4031
Tue Nov 24 18:32:19 2020
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=7667752 (ASMB)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /grid/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_diag_7864788.trc
Tue Nov 24 18:32:21 2020
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Tue Nov 24 18:32:21 2020
License high water mark = 101
Instance terminated by ASMB, pid = 7667752
USER (ospid: 66913324): terminating the instance
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 66913324
Tue Nov 24 18:33:18 2020
NOTE: No asm libraries found in the system
MEMORY_TARGET defaulting to 457179136.
* instance_number obtained from CSS = 1, checking for the existence of node 0... 
* node 0 does not exist. instance_number = 1 
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) 

• 分析结论
  参考mos（文档 ID 437924.1）
  oracle提到在11.2.0.3/11.2.0.4中，基于CPU内核数增加了默认的PROCESSES，但没有增加默认的MEMORY_TARGET值。
  而且随着DISK GROUP的容量的增长，SHARED_POOL所需要的空间也随着增加。因此对于磁盘组空间比较大的ASM实例而言，采用默认参数作为MEMORY_TARGET显然是不够的。
  Oracle 推荐调整如下：
  登录到ASM：
  SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=4096m scope=spfile;
  SQL> alter system set memory_target=1536m scope=spfile;