6、Servlet
6.1、 Servlet简介
-
Servlet是sun公司提供的一门用于开发动态web的技术
-
Sun公司在其API中提供了一个servlet接口,用户若想用发一个动态web资源(即开发一个Java程序向浏览器输出数据),需要完成以下2个步骤:
- 编写一个Java类,实现servlet接口。
- 把开发好的java类部署到web服务器中。
按照一种约定俗称的习惯,通常我们也把实现了servlet接口的java程序,称之为Servlet
6.2、 Servlet运行过程
- Web浏览器----->发出Http请求----->Web容器
- Web容器----->首次访问创建目标Servlet----->Servlet
- Web容器----->创建请求和响应----->request,respone
- Web容器----->调用servlet方法----->Servlet.service(req,resp)
- service(req,resp)获得请求信息,并把响应写入响应信息返回给Web容器
- Web容器----->发出Http响应----->Web浏览器
6.3、 Servlet实现类
Servlet接口被SUN公司定义了两个默认实现类,分别为:GenericServlet
、HttpServlet
- HttpServlet指能够处理HTTP请求的servlet,它在原有Servlet接口上添加了一些与HTTP协议处理方法,它比Servlet接口的功能更为强大,因此开发人员在编写Servlet时,通常应继承这个类,而避免直接去实现Servlet接口
- HttpServlet在实现Servlet接口时,覆写了service方法,该方法体内的代码会自动判断用户的请求方式,如为GET请求,则调用HttpServlet的doGet方法,如为Post请求,则调用doPost方法,因此,开发人员在编写Servlet时,通常只需要覆写doGet或doPost方法,而不要去覆写service方法
6.4、 使用IDEA开发Servlet
1. 手动导包创建项目
-
准备Servlet需要的jar包
在和src同级目录下,新建一个lib的包,将Servelt需要的jar包复制到lib中
(或者可以Alt+回车键到标红现的代码下可以自动下载缺失的jar包)
结果是
-
在src目录下新建Servlet。
会出一个java文件代码如下package com.westos.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class ServletTest01 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { } }
在web.xml文件中,会多出一个Servlet标签,代码如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>ServletTest01</servlet-name> <servlet-class>servlet.ServletTest01</servlet-class> </servlet> <!--一般默认不会创建servlet-mapping标签,不过要使用servlet,就需要使用与servlet属性相同的servlet-mapping映射--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ServletTest01</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/test01</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
2. JavaWeb第一个程序:HelloServlet(使用Maven)
Servlet接口在Sun公司有两个默认的实现类:HttpServlet,GenericServlet
- 构建一个普通Maven项目:javaweb-02-servlet,删除里面的src目录,以后我们的学习就在这个项目里建Moudel;这个空的工程就是Maven主工程
- 导入依赖
<dependencies>
<!--导入两个依赖-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
导入完成后,建立一个子项目:servlet-01
-
关于Maven父子工程的理解:
父项目中会有
<modules> <module>servlet-01</module> </modules>
子项目中会有
<parent> <artifactId>javaweb_servlet</artifactId> <groupId>com.westos</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent>
父项目中的java,子项目可以直接使用,即子项目可以继承父项目的包
son extends father
-
Maven环境优化
- 修改web.xml为最新的版本
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
</web-app>
2. 将maven的结构搭建完整
-
编写一个servlet程序
-
编写一个普通类
-
实现servlet接口,这里我们直接继承HttpServlet
package com.westos.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { //由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同方式,可以互相调用(无论是谁调用谁)业务逻辑是一样的 @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("进入doGet方法"); //ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream(); PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();//响应流 writer.print("Hello,Servlet"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
-
-
编写Servlet的映射
为什么要映射:我们写的是Java程序,但是要通过浏览器访问,而浏览器需要连接web服务器,所以我们需要在web服务器中心注册我们写的Servlet,还需给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径
<!--注册Servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <!--Servlet的请求路径--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
配置tomcat
注意:配置项目发布的路径就可以了
-
启动项目测试
附加:
6.5、 Servlet 原理【重点】
Servlet是由web服务器调用,web服务器在收到浏览器请求后,
6.6、 Mapping问题
-
一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径
<!--注册Servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <!--Servlet的请求路径--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
默认请求路径:后面的请求路径(*所代表的的部分)无论写什么都可以请求成功
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
指定一些后缀或者前缀等等
<!--可以自定义后缀实现请求映射 注意点: *前面不能加项目映射的路径--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.qinjiang</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
优先级问题
指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高,如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求
package com.westos.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; public class ErrorServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.setContentType("text/html"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); writer.print("<h1>404</h1>"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
<servlet> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <!--Servlet的请求路径--> <!--可以自定义后缀实现请求映射 注意点: *前面不能加项目映射的路径--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--404--> <servlet> <servlet-name>error</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>error</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
运行后 请求hello会直接进入第一个页面(即就是hello页面,不会进入404页面),当请求不是hello的时候,就会进入我们所设定的404页面,而不会进入系统默认的404页面
6.7、 ServletContext类
新建一个子项目:servlet-02
web容器在启动的时候,他会为每一个web程序创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用;
ServletContex类,作用如下:
- 多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
- 获取WEB应用的初识化参数
- 用ServletContext 实现请求转发
- 利用servletContext对象读取资源文件
1. 共享数据
context.setAttribute(“username”,username)
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
我在Servlet中保存的数据,可以在另一个servlet中拿到;
放置java的类
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.print("Hello");
//this.getInitParameter(); 初始化参数
//this.getServletConfig(); Servlet配置
//this.getServletContext() Servlet上下文
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String username = "秦疆";//数据
context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中,名字为:username,值username
}
}
读取java的类
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String username = (String)context.getAttribute("username");
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern></url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
测试访问结果
2. 获取初始化参数
<!--配置一些web应用初始化化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--映射-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
resp.getWriter().print(url);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
3. 请求转发
public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04");
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
// RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp");//转发的请求路径
// requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4. 读取资源文件
Properties
- 在java目录下新建 aaa.properties
- 在resources目录下新建 db.properties
发现;都被打包到了同一路径下:classes,我们俗称这个路径
思路:需要一个文件流
db.properties
username=root
password=123456
aaa.properties
username=root
password=zzzzzzz
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/westos/servlet/aaa.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(is);
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
resp.getWriter().print(username+";"+password);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/sd5</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
如果存在无法导出的问题,解决方案:
<!--希望maven在导出项目的时候,能够将我们的配置及资源导出-->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
访问测试即可
6.8、 HttpServletResponse
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse
- 如果要获得客户端请求过来的参数,找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息,找HttpServletResponse
1. 简单分类
- 负责向浏览器发送数据
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException; // 平常流时使用
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;//写中文时使用
- 负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
- 响应状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2. 常见应用
- 向浏览器输出消息
2. 下载文件
创建一个新的子项目:response03
-
要获取下载文件的路径
-
下载的文件名是是啥?
-
设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
-
获取下载文件的输入流
-
创建缓冲区
-
获取OutputStream对象
-
将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
-
使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
package com.westos.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URLEncoder; public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 1. 要获取下载文件的路径 String realPath = "D:\\学习文件\\代码\\JavaWeb前端\\Servlet\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response03\\src\\main\\resoureces\\秦疆.jpg"; //String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/1.jpg"); System.out.println("下载文件的路径:" + realPath); // 2. 下载的文件名是是啥? String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);//第一个‘\’是转义符的意思,第二个‘\’才是比对 // 3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码,否则可能有乱码 //resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment; filename="+filename); resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment; filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8")); // 4. 获取下载文件的输入流 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath); // 5. 创建缓冲区 int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // 6. 获取OutputStream对象 ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); // 7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端 while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){ out.write(buffer,0,len); } // 8. 关闭 in.close(); out.close(); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
将图片存在resouces目录下
配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0" metadata-complete="true"> <servlet> <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
3. 验证码功能
验证码怎么来的?
- 前端实现
- 后端实现,需要用到java的图片类,生产一个图片
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//如何让浏览器3s刷新一次
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//得到图片
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//笔
//设置图片的背景颜色
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
//网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//把图片写给浏览器
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
}
//生成随机数
private String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999999)+"";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
sb.append("0");
}
num = sb.toString() + num;
return num;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/image</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4. 实现重定向
B一个web资源受到客户端A请求后,B他会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源C,这个过程叫做重定向
常见场景:
- 用户登录
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
测试
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*重定向原理:
resp.setHeader("Location","/resp/image");
resp.setStatus(302);
* */
resp.sendRedirect("image");//重定向
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("进入这个请求");
//处理请求
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(username+":"+password);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
```index.jsp
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
密码:<input type="password"name="password">
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>RequestTest</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RequestTest</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
面试题:重定向和转发的区别
相同点:
- 页面都会实现跳转
不同点:
- 请求转发的时候,url不会发生变化
- 重定向的时候,url地址会发生变化
例如:
将这个请求,转换到另一个地址;
比如,我们请求 : http://localhost:8080/servlet01/dasdasdasda/aaaa.do 他会跳转到百度首页;
package com.westos.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Failed extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.sendRedirect("http://www.baidu.com/");
}
}
//通过响应对象重定向页面
resp.sendRedirect("404.jsp");
6.9、 HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个 HttpServletRequest的方法,获取客户端的所有信息;
1.获取前端传递的参数
2. 请求转发
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
System.out.println("==========");
//后台接收乱码问题
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
System.out.println("======");
System.out.println(req.getContextPath());
//通过请求转发
//这里的 /代表当前的web应用
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//处理乱码问题
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.westos.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div style="text-align: center">
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="username" name="username"></br>
密码:<input type="password" password="password"></br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="女孩">女孩 </br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="男孩">男孩 </br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌 </br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="电影">电影 </br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
</body>
</html>