Python基础—集合

1、集合的定义
1、集合里的元素是不可重复的

s = {1,2,3,3,4,5,6,4,6}
print(s)
print(type(s))

2、定义空集合

s1 = set([])
print(s1)
print(type(s1))

2、集合的特性
1、成员操作符：in 和 not in

s = {1,2,3}
print(1 in s)
print(4 in s)

2、for循环：

s = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2,3}
for i in s:
    print(i,end=' ')

3、枚举：enumerate

s = {1,2,3,4,4,5,6}
for i,v in enumerate(s):
    print('value: %s,index: %s' %(v,i))

3、集合的常用方法
集合是无序的数据类型，添加顺序和在集合中存储的顺序是不一定相同的
1、增加一个元素：add

s = {5,6,7,8,9}
print(s)
s.add(99)
print(s)

2、增加多个元素：update

s = {5,6,7,8,9}
print(s)
s.update({1,3,4,5})
print(s)

4、删除：pop

s = {5,6,7,8,9}
print(s)
s.pop()
print(s)
s.pop()
print(s)

5、删除指定元素：remove

s = {5,6,7,8,9}
print(s)
s.remove(6)
print(s)

6、并集：union或者 |

s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s2 = {2,3,5}
print('union:',s1.union(s2))
print('union:',s1|s2)

7、交集：intersection 或者 &

s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s2 = {2,3,5}
print('intersection:',s1.intersection(s2))
print('intersection:',s1&s2)

8、差集：difference

s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s2 = {2,3,5}
print('difference:',s1.difference(s2))  #s1-s1&s2
print('difference:',s2.difference(s1))  #s2-s1&s2

9、对等差分：symmetric_difference（并集-交集）

s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s2 = {2,3,5}
print('symmetric_difference:',s2.symmetric_difference(s1))
print('symmetric_difference:',s1.symmetric_difference(s2))
print('symmetric_difference:',s1^s2)

10、超集：issuperset
超集:如果s1中的每一个元素都在集合s2中,且s2中可能包含s1中没有的元素,那么s2就是s1的一个超集

s1 = {1,2,3}
s2 = {2,3}
print(s1.issuperset(s2))
print(s2.issuperset(s1))

11、子集：issubset

s1 = {1,2,3}
s2 = {2,3}
print(s1.issubset(s2))
print(s2.issubset(s1))