1.mybatis学习01
1.1.简介
MyBatis 是一款持久层框架。半自动化的ORM框架。
持久化是将程序数据在持久状态和瞬时状态间转换的机制。通俗的讲,就是瞬时数据(比如内存中的数据,是不能永久保存的)持久化为持久数据(比如持久化至数据库中,能够长久保存)。
1.2. 入门
1.2.1. 环境搭建并初步测试的步骤
- 导入jar包:导入mybatis的jar包和mysql驱动
- 创建mybatis的配置文件(mybaits-config.xml)
- 根据数据库中的表字段创建实体类(例如User.java)
- 编写dao层
- 创建dao层的接口(例如UserMapper.java)
- 创建dao层接口的映射文件(例如:UserMapper.xml)
- 创建测试类,并测试(例如:UserTest.java)
项目结构
所有jar包
数据库
create database dbtest;
CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`user` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` VARCHAR(45) NULL,
`password` VARCHAR(20) NULL,
`age` INT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
INSERT INTO `dbtest`.`user` (`id`, `username`, `password`, `age`) VALUES ('1', '喜羊羊', '111111', '17');
INSERT INTO `dbtest`.`user` (`id`, `username`, `password`, `age`) VALUES ('2', '懒羊羊', '222222', '18');
INSERT INTO `dbtest`.`user` (`id`, `username`, `password`, `age`) VALUES ('3', '灰太狼', '333333', '25');
详细过程
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略
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创建mybatis的配置文件
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!-- mybatis约束 --> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <!-- 引入databases.properties文件 --> <properties resource="database.properties"/> <!-- 环境配置 --> <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <!-- 事物的管理的配置, 采用JDBC的食物管理--> <transactionManager type="JDBC"/> <!-- 数据库连接池的配置,POOLED为自带的数据源 --> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/> <property name="url" value="${url}"/> <property name="username" value="${username}"/> <property name="password" value="${password}"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <!-- 映射器的配置 --> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/dao/UserMapper.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration>
数据库的配置文件
database.properties
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/dbtest?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username=root password=123456
根据自己的数据库进行配置
日志文件
log4j.propertieslog4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,CONSOLE,file #log4j.rootLogger=ERROR,ROLLING_FILE log4j.logger.cn.smbms.dao=debug log4j.logger.com.ibatis=debug log4j.logger.com.ibatis.common.jdbc.SimpleDataSource=debug log4j.logger.com.ibatis.common.jdbc.ScriptRunner=debug log4j.logger.com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.impl.SqlMapClientDelegate=debug log4j.logger.java.sql.Connection=debug log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=debug log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=debug log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=debug log4j.logger.org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter=debug ###################################################################################### # Console Appender \u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u51fa\u914d\u7f6e ###################################################################################### log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.Threshold=error log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern= [%p] %d %c - %m%n ###################################################################################### # DailyRolling File \u6bcf\u5929\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u683c\u5f0f:log2009-09-11 ###################################################################################### log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.file.DatePattern=yyyy-MM-dd log4j.appender.file.File=log.log log4j.appender.file.Append=true log4j.appender.file.Threshold=error log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-M-d HH:mm:ss}%x[%5p](%F:%L) %m%n log4j.logger.com.opensymphony.xwork2=error
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根据数据库编写实体类
User.java
package com.pojo; /** * 用户类 * @author 12505 * */ public class User { private int id;//id private String username;//用户名 private String password;//用户密码 private int age;//用户年龄 //getter 和setter方法 public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return " ID:"+this.id+ " 用户名:"+this.username+ " 密码:"+this.password+ " 年龄:"+this.age; } }
- 编写dao层
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创建dao层的接口
UserMapper.java
package com.dao; import java.util.List; import com.pojo.User; public interface UserMapper { /** * 查询所有用户信息 * @return 返回一个包含用户的列表 */ public List<User> selectAllUser(); }
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创建dao层接口的映射文件
UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!-- 约束 --> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.dao.UserMapper"> <!-- 查询所有用户信息 --> <select id="selectAllUser" resultType="com.pojo.User"> select * from user </select> </mapper>
这个配置文件的基本语义是:在命名空间
com.dao.UserMapper
中定义了一个名为selectAllUser
的映射语句。有了这个映射语句就可以使用全限定名
com.dao.UserMapper.selectAllUser
来调用这个映射语句:List<User> users1= sqlSession.selectOne("com.dao.UserMapper.selectAllUser");
你又可以通过下面的方法:
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser();
第二种方法有很多优势,它不依赖于字符串字面值,会更安全一点。
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创建测试类
UserTest.java
package com.test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.List; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import org.junit.Test; import com.dao.UserMapper; import com.pojo.User; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; public class UserTest { private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserTest.class); @Test public void selectAllTest(){ String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = null; try { inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } //①创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder SqlSessionFactoryBuilder factoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder(); //②创建SqlSessionFactory SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory= factoryBuilder.build(inputStream); //③创建SqlSession SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); //④创建Mapper UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); //执行sql语句 List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser(); //遍历所有用户 for(User user:users){ logger.debug(user); } } }
通过该测试类可知,mybatis操作步骤如下:
- ①创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
- ②创建SqlSessionFactory:SqlSessionFactoryBuilder通过配置文件创建SqlSessionFactory
- ③创建SqlSession
- ④创建Mapper
- 执行Sql语句
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改善
由于SqlSessionFactoryBuilder在项目中一般只使用一次(即通过它创建一个SqlSessionFactory),它的使命就结束了。并且SqlSession也是可以公用,只创建一个就可以了。因此, 可以将它们编写在一个工具类中, 如下:
MyBatisUtil.java
package com.util; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; public class MyBatisUtil { private static SqlSessionFactory factory; static{//在静态代码块下,factory只会被创建一次 System.out.println("static factory==============="); try { InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"); factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public static SqlSession createSqlSession(){ return factory.openSession(false);//true 为自动提交事务 } public static void closeSqlSession(SqlSession sqlSession){ if(null != sqlSession) sqlSession.close(); } }
package com.test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.List; import java.util.Properties; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import org.junit.Test; import com.dao.UserMapper; import com.pojo.User; import com.util.MyBatisUtil; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; public class UserTest { private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserTest.class); @Test public void selectAllTest(){ String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = null; try { inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } //①创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder SqlSessionFactoryBuilder factoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder(); //②创建SqlSessionFactory SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory= factoryBuilder.build(inputStream); //③创建SqlSession SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); //④创建Mapper UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); //执行sql语句 List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser(); //遍历所有用户 for(User user:users){ logger.debug(user); } sqlSession.close(); } @Test public void selectAllUsers(){ logger.info("==============="); SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession(); UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser(); sqlSession.commit(); MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession); for(User user:users){ logger.debug(user); } sqlSession.close(); } }
以后,需要创建SqlSession,直接调用这个类中的createSqlSession方法就可以了。