shell中if语句,循环语句

1.if语句

• if单分支语句
  统计登录shell为bash的用户
  

• if双分支语句
  统计uid小于等于500和大于500的用户个数
  

• if-else语句

    [root@localhost mnt]# vim if-else.sh
    	#!/bin/bash
    	read -p "请输入用户名" user
    	if grep $user /etc/passwd;then
    	    echo "The files for user $user are:"
    	    ls -a /home/$user
    	else
    	    echo "$user not exist!"
    	fi		
  

• if-elif-else语句

    [root@localhost mnt]# vim if-elif-else.sh
    	#!/bin/bash
    	if [ "$1" == "student" ];
    	then  echo  "Welcome $1"
    	elif [ "$1" == "westos" ];then
    	    echo  "Welcome $1"
    	elif [ "$1" == "kiosk" ];then
    	    echo  "Welcome $1"
    	elif [ $1 == linux ];then
    	    echo  "Welcome $1"
    	else
    	    echo "You are not allowed!"
    	fi
  

可以用if语句判断文件或设备类型

[root@localhost mnt]# vim file.sh 
	#!/bin/bash
	read -p "请输入要检测的文件或设备" a
	if [ -f "$a" ];then
	        echo "$a是普通文件"
	elif [ -b "$a" ];then
	        echo "$a是块设备"
	elif [ -S "$a" ];then
	        echo "$a是套接字"
	elif [ -c "$a" ];then
	        echo "$a是字符设备"
	elif [ -L "$a" ];then
	         echo "$a是软链接"
	else
	        echo "此文件不存在"
	fi

2.for循环语句

练习：ping 其他主机

[root@foundation55 mnt]# vim ping.sh
方法一	#!/bin/bash
	for A in `seq 10`
	do
	        ping 172.25.55.$A -c1 >>/dev/null && echo -e "172.25.55.$A is up" || echo -e "172.25.55.$A is down"
	done
方法二
	 #!/bin/bash
	for  ((A=1;A<10;A++))
	do
	        ping 172.25.254.$A -c1 >>/dev/null && echo 172.25.254.$A up || echo 172.25.254.$A down
	done

练习：倒数计时

[root@localhost mnt]# vim time.sh
	#!/bin/bash
	read -p "请输入分：秒" k j
	a=$k*60+$j
	for ((b=$a;b>0;b--))
	do
	        echo -n "TIME $[$b/60]:$[$b%60]"
	        echo -ne "\r"
	        sleep 1
	done

练习：批量建立用户并修改密码为123456

[root@localhost mnt]# vim user.sh 
方法一	#!/bin/bash
	for A in `seq 10`
	do
	        useradd westos$A
	        echo "123456" | passwd --stdin westos$A >>/dev/null
	done
方法二	#!/bin/bash
	a=1
	while [ $a -le 20 ]
	do
	        useradd westos$a
	        echo "123456" | passwd --stdin westos$a
	        ((a++))
	done

练习：九九乘法表

[root@localhost mnt]# vim chengfa.sh
	#!/bin/bash
	for ((a=1;a<10;a++))
	do
	{
	        for ((b=1;b<=$a;b++))
	        do
	                echo -n " $a*$b=$[$a*$b] "
	done
	}
	        echo -e "\n"
	done

3. case语句

[root@localhost mnt]# vim case.sh
	#!/bin/bash
	case $1 in
	student|kiosk|linux|westos)
	     echo "Welcome,$1"
	     ;;
	*)
	     echo "Sorry!"
	     ;;
	esac

4.while循环

我们可以通过while语句写一个显示系统下运行时间的脚本

 [root@localhost mnt]# vim while.sh
	#!/bin/bash
	while true
	do
	    uptime
	    sleep 2
	done

练习：做一个交互的操作模式

[root@localhost mnt]# vim xuanze.sh
	#!/bin/bash
	while true
	do
	 echo -e "      
	        \033[31m A 查看ip \033[0m
	        \033[32m B 查看剩余空间\033[0m
	        \033[33m C 查看运行时间\033[0m
	        \033[34m Q 退出\033[0m
	"
	read -p "请输入选择：" a
	case $a in
	A)
	        echo -e " \033[31m `ifconfig eth0 | grep "netmask"| awk '{print $2}'` \033[0m "
	        ;;
	B)
	        echo -e " \033[32m `df| head -2 |tail -1|awk '{print $4'}` \033[0m "
	        ;;
	C)
	        echo -e " \033[33m `uptime|awk '{print $3}'|awk -F, '{print $1}'| awk -F: '{print "已经开机"$1"时"$2"分"}'` \033[0m "
	        ;;
	Q)
	        exit 1
	        ;;
	esac
	done