You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

在用/var/log/mysqld.log里的默认密码登录mysql后，需立即重设密码，才能进行其他mysql命令操作

• 当用ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'修改密码报如下错时:

Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

表明密码不符合要求，
用set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
set global validate_password_length=6;
重设密码验证强度等级为LOW,密码长度为6
再用ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'
修改密码为123456，成功