39.为什么Oracle静默安装比DBCA图形化安装速度快

1.为什么Oracle的静默安装要比DBCA图形化界面安装速度快

首先我们来分析DBCA静默安装的日志

1.第一部分，从模板文件直接拷贝数据文件。
类似与备份恢复。
kcbztek_populate_tbskey: db key in controlfile and datafile 1 is inconsistent..
Full restore complete of datafile 4 to datafile copy /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/users01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:01
  checkpoint is 925701
  last deallocation scn is 3
Full restore complete of datafile 3 to datafile copy /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/undotbs01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:01
Full restore complete of datafile 2 to datafile copy /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/sysaux01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:46
  checkpoint is 925701
  last deallocation scn is 925426
Sun Oct 08 16:23:08 2023
Full restore complete of datafile 1 to datafile copy /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/system01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:01:03
  checkpoint is 925701
  last deallocation scn is 923796
Sun Oct 08 16:23:08 2023

2.第二部分，创建控制文件
Sun Oct 08 16:23:08 2023
Create controlfile reuse set database "fermdb"
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
Datafile
'/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/system01.dbf',
'/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/sysaux01.dbf',
'/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/undotbs01.dbf',
'/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/users01.dbf'
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/redo01.log') SIZE 51200K,
GROUP 2 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/redo02.log') SIZE 51200K,
GROUP 3 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/redo03.log') SIZE 51200K RESETLOGS
WARNING: Default Temporary Tablespace not specified in CREATE DATABASE command
Default Temporary Tablespace will be necessary for a locally managed database in future release
Sun Oct 08 16:23:08 2023
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 1185671660

3.第三部分,重置日志
ALTER SYSTEM enable restricted session;
alter database "fermdb" open resetlogs
RESETLOGS after incomplete recovery UNTIL CHANGE 925701

4.设置数据库Incarnation
Setting recovery target incarnation to 2
Initializing SCN for created control file
Database SCN compatibility initialized to 3

5.添加临时文件，设置数据库字符集。
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20480K REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Completed: ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/fermdb/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20480K REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
alter database character set INTERNAL_CONVERT ZHS16GBK

6.更新控制文件中的字符集
Updating character set in controlfile to ZHS16GBK

7.重启数据库
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
System name:    Linux
Node name:      oracle11g
Release:        3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Version:        #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 14:50:17 EDT 2020
Machine:        x86_64
VM name:        VMWare Version: 6
Using parameter settings in server-side spfile /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilefermdb.ora
System parameters with non-default values:
.......
Starting background process QMNC
Sun Oct 08 16:25:01 2023
QMNC started with pid=20, OS id=5688
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

总结：DBCA的步骤

1）.从Oracle自带的模板文件中做不完全恢复，restore数据文件。

2）.创建控制文件

3）.重置在线日志 relogs;

4）.设置数据库对应物Incarnation; 

5）.增加临时文件，设置数据库字符集

6）.更新控制文件中字符集

7）.重启数据库。

2.数据库对应物查询

RMAN> list incarnation;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       1       FERMDB   1185704947       PARENT  1          2013-08-24 11:37:30
2       2       FERMDB   1185704947       CURRENT 925702     2023-10-08 16:23:18

我们可看到，DBCA默认第一次创建出来的数据库SCN=1; resetlog重置后生成一个新的SCN;

对应的数据库的对应物等于2；

3.总结

DBCA静默安装之所以快是因为，它本身是从一个模板文件直接做文件拷贝的。而图形化界面是将所有的对象全部创建了一次。一般DBCA图形化安装需要40分钟-1个小时，但是DBCA静默安装2~3分钟就可以完成。原因就在于它没有创建对象，而是直接拷贝文件的。