【python】python工作环境管理

戒掉贪嗔痴(薛双奇)

于 2024-08-11 15:02:07 发布

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分类专栏：编程开发-Python 文章标签： python chrome 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43346403/article/details/141105944

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1.python工作环境管理

pyenv 管理不同的Python版本。
virtualenv 管理不同的工作环境。

pyenv 是一个python版本管理工具，它能够进行全局的python版本切换，也可以
为单个项目提供对应的python版本。



--下载 pyenv  
git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv   
Cloning into '/root/.pyenv'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 24351, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1585/1585), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (138/138), done.
remote: Total 24351 (delta 1469), reused 1512 (delta 1437), pack-reused 22766
Receiving objects: 100% (24351/24351), 4.95 MiB | 1.45 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (16405/16405), done.

--设置环境变量
su - root 
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"'>>~/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"'>>~/.bash_profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"'>>~/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile
--查看帮助命令 。
[root@mysql1 shell]# pyenv --help
Usage: pyenv <command> [<args>]

Some useful pyenv commands are:
   commands    List all available pyenv commands
   exec        Run an executable with the selected Python version
   global      Set or show the global Python version(s)
   help        Display help for a command
   hooks       List hook scripts for a given pyenv command
   init        Configure the shell environment for pyenv
   install     Install a Python version using python-build
   latest      Print the latest installed or known version with the given prefix
   local       Set or show the local application-specific Python version(s)
   prefix      Display prefixes for Python versions
   rehash      Rehash pyenv shims (run this after installing executables)
   root        Display the root directory where versions and shims are kept
   shell       Set or show the shell-specific Python version
   shims       List existing pyenv shims
   uninstall   Uninstall Python versions
   version     Show the current Python version(s) and its origin
   --version   Display the version of pyenv
   version-file   Detect the file that sets the current pyenv version
   version-name   Show the current Python version
   version-origin   Explain how the current Python version is set
   versions    List all Python versions available to pyenv
   whence      List all Python versions that contain the given executable
   which       Display the full path to an executable

See `pyenv help <command>` for information on a specific command.
For full documentation, see: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#readme

2.pyenv 的使用

pyenv install --list 
[root@mysql1 shell]# pyenv install --list 
Available versions:
  2.1.3
  2.2.3
  2.3.7
  2.4.0
  2.4.1
  2.4.2
  2.4.3
  2.4.4
  2.4.5
  2.4.6
  2.5.0
  2.5.1
  2.5.2
  2.5.3
  2.5.4
  2.5.5
  2.5.6
  2.6.0
  2.6.1
  2.6.2
  2.6.3
  2.6.4
  2.6.5
  2.6.6
  2.6.7
  2.6.8
  2.6.9
  2.7.0
  2.7-dev
  2.7.1
  2.7.2
  2.7.3
  2.7.4
  2.7.5
  2.7.6
  2.7.7
  2.7.8
  2.7.9
  2.7.10
  2.7.11
  2.7.12
  2.7.13
  2.7.14
  2.7.15
  2.7.16
  2.7.17
  2.7.18
  3.0.1
  3.1.0
  3.1.1
  3.1.2
  3.1.3
  3.1.4
  3.1.5
  3.2.0
  3.2.1
  3.2.2
  3.2.3
  3.2.4
  3.2.5
  3.2.6
  3.3.0
  3.3.1
  3.3.2
  3.3.3
  3.3.4
  3.3.5
  3.3.6
  3.3.7
  3.4.0
  3.4-dev
  3.4.1
  3.4.2
  3.4.3
  3.4.4
  3.4.5
  3.4.6
  3.4.7
  3.4.8
  3.4.9
  3.4.10
  3.5.0
  3.5-dev
  3.5.1
  3.5.2
  3.5.3
  3.5.4
  3.5.5
  3.5.6
  3.5.7
  3.5.8
  3.5.9
  3.5.10
  3.6.0
  3.6-dev
  3.6.1
  3.6.2
  3.6.3
  3.6.4
  3.6.5
  3.6.6
  3.6.7
  3.6.8
  3.6.9
  3.6.10
  3.6.11
  3.6.12
  3.6.13
  3.6.14
  3.6.15
  3.7.0
  3.7-dev
  3.7.1
  3.7.2
  3.7.3
  3.7.4
  3.7.5
  3.7.6
  3.7.7
  3.7.8
  3.7.9
  3.7.10
  3.7.11
  3.7.12
  3.7.13
  3.7.14
  3.7.15
  3.7.16
  3.7.17
  3.8.0
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  3.8.2
  3.8.3
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  3.8.6
  3.8.7
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  3.8.9
  3.8.10
  3.8.11
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  3.8.13
  3.8.14
  3.8.15
  3.8.16
  3.8.17
  3.8.18
  3.8.19
  3.9.0
  3.9-dev
  3.9.1
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  3.9.4
  3.9.5
  3.9.6
  3.9.7
  3.9.8
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  3.9.11
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  3.9.15
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  3.9.18
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  3.10.0
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  3.10.6
  3.10.7
  3.10.8
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  3.10.12
  3.10.13
  3.10.14
  3.11.0
  3.11-dev
  3.11.1
  3.11.2
  3.11.3
  3.11.4
  3.11.5
  3.11.6
  3.11.7
  3.11.8
  3.11.9
  3.12.0
  3.12-dev
  3.12.1
  3.12.2
  3.12.3
  3.12.4
  3.12.5
  3.13.0rc1
  3.13.0rc1t
  3.13-dev
  3.13t-dev
  3.14-dev
  3.14t-dev
  activepython-2.7.14
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  anaconda-1.4.0
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  anaconda2-2.4.1
  anaconda2-2.5.0
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  anaconda2-4.1.0
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  anaconda2-4.2.0
  anaconda2-4.3.0
  anaconda2-4.3.1
  anaconda2-4.4.0
  anaconda2-5.0.0
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  anaconda3-2023.09-0
  anaconda3-2024.02-1
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  graalpy-community-23.1.0
  graalpy-community-23.1.2
  graalpy-community-24.0.0
  graalpy-22.3.0
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  graalpython-20.1.0
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  graalpython-21.0.0
  graalpython-21.1.0
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  graalpython-21.3.0
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  graalpython-22.2.0
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  ironpython-2.7.4
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  ironpython-2.7.6.3
  ironpython-2.7.7
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  pypy-2.6.1-src
  pypy-2.6.1
  pypy-4.0.0-src
  pypy-4.0.0
  pypy-4.0.1-src
  pypy-4.0.1
  pypy-5.0.0-src
  pypy-5.0.0
  pypy-5.0.1-src
  pypy-5.0.1
  pypy-5.1-src
  pypy-5.1
  pypy-5.1.1-src
  pypy-5.1.1
  pypy-5.3-src
  pypy-5.3
  pypy-5.3.1-src
  pypy-5.3.1
  pypy-5.4-src
  pypy-5.4
  pypy-5.4.1-src
  pypy-5.4.1
  pypy-5.6.0-src
  pypy-5.6.0
  pypy-5.7.0-src
  pypy-5.7.0
  pypy-5.7.1-src
  pypy-5.7.1
  pypy2-5.3-src
  pypy2-5.3
  pypy2-5.3.1-src
  pypy2-5.3.1
  pypy2-5.4-src
  pypy2-5.4
  pypy2-5.4.1-src
  pypy2-5.4.1
  pypy2-5.6.0-src
  pypy2-5.6.0
  pypy2-5.7.0-src
  pypy2-5.7.0
  pypy2-5.7.1-src
  pypy2-5.7.1
  pypy2.7-5.8.0-src
  pypy2.7-5.8.0
  pypy2.7-5.9.0-src
  pypy2.7-5.9.0
  pypy2.7-5.10.0-src
  pypy2.7-5.10.0
  pypy2.7-6.0.0-src
  pypy2.7-6.0.0
  pypy2.7-7.0.0-src
  pypy2.7-7.0.0
  pypy2.7-7.1.0-src
  pypy2.7-7.1.0
  pypy2.7-7.1.1-src
  pypy2.7-7.1.1
  pypy2.7-7.2.0-src
  pypy2.7-7.2.0
  pypy2.7-7.3.0-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.0
  pypy2.7-7.3.1-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.1
  pypy2.7-7.3.2-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.2
  pypy2.7-7.3.3-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.3
  pypy2.7-7.3.4-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.4
  pypy2.7-7.3.5-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.5
  pypy2.7-7.3.6-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.6
  pypy2.7-7.3.8-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.8
  pypy2.7-7.3.9-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.9
  pypy2.7-7.3.10-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.10
  pypy2.7-7.3.11-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.11
  pypy2.7-7.3.12-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.12
  pypy2.7-7.3.13-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.13
  pypy2.7-7.3.14-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.14
  pypy2.7-7.3.15-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.15
  pypy2.7-7.3.16-src
  pypy2.7-7.3.16
  pypy3-2.3.1-src
  pypy3-2.3.1
  pypy3-2.4.0-src
  pypy3-2.4.0
  pypy3.3-5.2-alpha1-src
  pypy3.3-5.2-alpha1
  pypy3.3-5.5-alpha-src
  pypy3.3-5.5-alpha
  pypy3.5-c-jit-latest
  pypy3.5-5.7-beta-src
  pypy3.5-5.7-beta
  pypy3.5-5.7.1-beta-src
  pypy3.5-5.7.1-beta
  pypy3.5-5.8.0-src
  pypy3.5-5.8.0
  pypy3.5-5.9.0-src
  pypy3.5-5.9.0
  pypy3.5-5.10.0-src
  pypy3.5-5.10.0
  pypy3.5-5.10.1-src
  pypy3.5-5.10.1
  pypy3.5-6.0.0-src
  pypy3.5-6.0.0
  pypy3.5-7.0.0-src
  pypy3.5-7.0.0
  pypy3.6-7.0.0-src
  pypy3.6-7.0.0
  pypy3.6-7.1.0-src
  pypy3.6-7.1.0
  pypy3.6-7.1.1-src
  pypy3.6-7.1.1
  pypy3.6-7.2.0-src
  pypy3.6-7.2.0
  pypy3.6-7.3.0-src
  pypy3.6-7.3.0
  pypy3.6-7.3.1-src
  pypy3.6-7.3.1
  pypy3.6-7.3.2-src
  pypy3.6-7.3.2
  pypy3.6-7.3.3-src
  pypy3.6-7.3.3
  pypy3.7-c-jit-latest
  pypy3.7-7.3.2-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.2
  pypy3.7-7.3.3-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.3
  pypy3.7-7.3.4-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.4
  pypy3.7-7.3.5-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.5
  pypy3.7-7.3.6-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.6
  pypy3.7-7.3.7-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.7
  pypy3.7-7.3.8-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.8
  pypy3.7-7.3.9-src
  pypy3.7-7.3.9
  pypy3.8-7.3.6-src
  pypy3.8-7.3.6
  pypy3.8-7.3.7-src
  pypy3.8-7.3.7
  pypy3.8-7.3.8-src
  pypy3.8-7.3.8
  pypy3.8-7.3.9-src
  pypy3.8-7.3.9
  pypy3.8-7.3.10-src
  pypy3.8-7.3.10
  pypy3.8-7.3.11-src
  pypy3.8-7.3.11
  pypy3.9-7.3.8-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.8
  pypy3.9-7.3.9-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.9
  pypy3.9-7.3.10-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.10
  pypy3.9-7.3.11-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.11
  pypy3.9-7.3.12-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.12
  pypy3.9-7.3.13-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.13
  pypy3.9-7.3.14-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.14
  pypy3.9-7.3.15-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.15
  pypy3.9-7.3.16-src
  pypy3.9-7.3.16
  pypy3.10-7.3.12-src
  pypy3.10-7.3.12
  pypy3.10-7.3.13-src
  pypy3.10-7.3.13
  pypy3.10-7.3.14-src
  pypy3.10-7.3.14
  pypy3.10-7.3.15-src
  pypy3.10-7.3.15
  pypy3.10-7.3.16-src
  pypy3.10-7.3.16
  pyston-2.2
  pyston-2.3
  pyston-2.3.1
  pyston-2.3.2
  pyston-2.3.3
  pyston-2.3.4
  pyston-2.3.5
  stackless-dev
  stackless-2.7-dev
  stackless-2.7.2
  stackless-2.7.3
  stackless-2.7.4
  stackless-2.7.5
  stackless-2.7.6
  stackless-2.7.7
  stackless-2.7.8
  stackless-2.7.9
  stackless-2.7.10
  stackless-2.7.11
  stackless-2.7.12
  stackless-2.7.14
  stackless-2.7.16
  stackless-3.2.2
  stackless-3.2.5
  stackless-3.3.5
  stackless-3.3.7
  stackless-3.4-dev
  stackless-3.4.2
  stackless-3.4.7
  stackless-3.5.4
  stackless-3.7.5

pyenv 不但可以安装不同的python版本，而且可以安装不同的python实现，
也可以安装最新版本的python用于学习。

--安装两个不同的python版本。
yum -y install zlib-devel  
pyenv install -v  3.7.0
pyenv install -v  2.7.13

--查看系统中包含的python版本。
* 号表示正在使用的版本。
pyenv versions 

--切换python的版本。
pyenv global 3.7.0 
pyenv versions 
pip --version 


pyenv global 2.7.13
pyenv versions 
pip --version 

--删除Python版本。
pyenv uninstall 3.7.0

3.virtualenv 管理不同的项目

virtualenv 用于管理项目的工作环境。virtualenv 本身是一个独立的工具，
用户可以不使用pyenv 而单独使用 virtualenv.
但是，如果使用了pyenv,就需要安装 pyenv-virtualenv 插件，而不是通过 
virtualenv 软件。

(1)pyenv-virtualenv 插件安装。 
git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git $(pyenv root)/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv
Cloning into '/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 2323, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (252/252), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (143/143), done.
remote: Total 2323 (delta 151), reused 178 (delta 100), pack-reused 2071
Receiving objects: 100% (2323/2323), 661.92 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1571/1571), done.

source ~/.bash_profile 

--使用 virtualenv;
--查看版本。
pyenv virtualenv --version 
pyenv-virtualenv 1.2.4 (python3 -m venv)

pyenv virtualenv --help 
[root@mysql1 shell]# pyenv virtualenv --help 
Usage: pyenv virtualenv [-f|--force] [VIRTUALENV_OPTIONS] [version] <virtualenv-name>
       pyenv virtualenv --version
       pyenv virtualenv --help

  -f/--force       Install even if the version appears to be installed already. Skip
                   prompting for confirmation

Notable VIRTUALENV_OPTIONS passed to venv-creating executable, if applicable:
  -u/--upgrade     Imply --force

--新建两个工作环境。
pyenv virtualenv 2.7.13 first_project 
pyenv virtualenv 2.7.13 second_project 

--使用 virtualenv 子命令查看工作环境；
pyenv virtualenv    

--通过 activate 或者 deactivate 进入或退出工作环境。
--进入第一个工作环境 
pyenv activate first_project 
pip install flask==0.8 
pyenv deactivate


--进入第二个工作环境:
pyenv activate  second_project
pip install flask==0.9 
pyenv deactivate 

--删除虚拟工作环境 
pyenv virtualenv-delete first_project