Spring基于xml之IOC的环境搭建和 入门案例

创建Maven工程（Create New Project）

pom.xml导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_eesy_FirstIOC</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.17.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

---

---

Maven之Spring工程的依赖和Spring体系结构

在类路径下创建xml文件，导入约束

---

---

百度 Spring Framework Documentation 点击Core

将Configuration Metadata右边的红色框的内容 复制，这就是xml文件的约束

---

---

bean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
</beans><!--导入约束-->

到这里Spring基于xml的IOC环境已经搭建好了

---

---

入门案例

创建三个类和两个接口，因为创建的是Maven工程而不是web工程因此Client模拟表现层，Service模拟业务层，Account模拟持久层（表现层调用业务层，业务层再调用持久层）

我的Maven工程的目录结构

1.创建Client.java

public class Client {
    /*
    * 获取Spring的IOC核心容器，并根据id来获取对象*/
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //1.获取核心容器对象
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        //2.根据id获取bean对象
        IAccountService as = (IAccountService) applicationContext.getBean("accountService");
        IAccountDao idao = applicationContext.getBean("accountDao",IAccountDao.class);
        System.out.println(as);
        System.out.println(idao);
          as.saveAccount();
        }
}

---

2.创建IAccountService 接口和实现类AccountServiceImpl

IAccountService.java

/*
* 业务层接口*/
public interface IAccountService {
    //模拟保存账户
    void saveAccount();
}

实现类AccountServiceImpl.java

public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    private IAccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();

    public void saveAccount(){
        accountDao.saveAccount();
    }
}

---

3.创建IAccountDao接口和实现类AccountDaoImpl

IAccountDao.java

package com.itheima.dao;

//账户持久层接口
public interface IAccountDao {
    //模拟保存账户
    void saveAccount();
}

AccountDaoImpl.java

package com.itheima.dao.Impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;

public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {

    public void saveAccount(){
        System.out.println("保存成功");
    }

}

4.在bean.xml配置bean(目的：把对象的创建交给Spring达到程序解耦的目的)

      id:唯一标识
      class:获取对象的全限定类名

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        <!--把对象的创建交给Spring--><!---->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.Impl.AccountServiceImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.dao.Impl.AccountDaoImpl"></bean>
</beans>

5.如何从配置文件bean.xml获取对象或者说如何做使Spring基于xml的IOC达到程序的解耦

      第一步：获取核心容器对象（整个Spring体系都离不开核心容器的支持）
             ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“配置文件路径.xml”);
      第二步：根据id获取bean对象
            IAccountService as = (IAccountService) applicationContext.getBean(“accountService”);//这种需要强制转换
             IAccountDao idao = applicationContext.getBean(“accountDao”,IAccountDao.class);//这种需要.class

下图是ApplicationContext继承的接口，其中就有BeanFactory 接口，此接口有getBean()方法，该方法可以获取bean对象

6.运行结果