【LeetCode】109 有序链表转换二叉搜索树 分治法实现

题目描述

给定一个单链表，其中的元素按升序排序，将其转换为高度平衡的二叉搜索树。

本题中，一个高度平衡二叉树是指一个二叉树每个节点 的左右两个子树的高度差的绝对值不超过 1。

示例:
给定的有序链表： [-10, -3, 0, 5, 9],
一个可能的答案是：[0, -3, 9, -10, null, 5], 它可以表示下面这个高度平衡二叉搜索树：

 	 	 0
		/ \    
  	  -3   9    
 	  /     /  
     -10   5

解题思路：

因为链表是有序的，并且要求二叉树的左右子树高度差不超过1，所以只需要通过快慢指针找到链表的中间结点，将中间结点左边的结点递归构建成左子树，中间节点右边的结点构建成右子树即可。

分治法

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode() {}
 *     ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
 * }
 */
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode sortedListToBST(ListNode head) {
        return buildTree(head, null);
    }

    public TreeNode buildTree(ListNode left, ListNode right) {
        if(left == right) return null;
        ListNode mid = getMedian(left, right);
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(mid.val);
        root.left = buildTree(left, mid);
        root.right = buildTree(mid.next, right);
        return root;
    }

    public ListNode getMedian(ListNode left, ListNode right) {
        ListNode slow = left;
        ListNode fast = left;
        while(fast != right && fast.next != right) {
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
        }
        return slow;
    }
}

分治法 + 中序遍历

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode() {}
 *     ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
 * }
 */
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {

    ListNode globalHead;

    public TreeNode sortedListToBST(ListNode head) {
        globalHead = head;
        int length = getLength(head);
        return buildTree(0, length - 1);
    }

    public int getLength(ListNode head) {
        int count = 0;
        while(head != null) {
            ++count;
            head = head.next;
        }
        return count;
    }

    public TreeNode buildTree(int left, int right) {
        if(left > right) {
            return null;
        }
        int mid = (left + right + 1) / 2;
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode();
        root.left = buildTree(left, mid - 1);
        root.val = globalHead.val;
        globalHead = globalHead.next;
        root.right = buildTree(mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
}