MySQL使用trace工具查看执行计划

一、什么是trace工具

MySQL5.6版本开始，推出了对SQL的跟踪工具trace，通过使用trace，用户可以查看MySQL优化器对SQL语句的分析结果，以及生成了怎样的执行计划。

二、trace工具的使用

1、开启/关闭trace工具
开启：set session optimizer_trace="enabled=on",end_markers_in_json=on;
关闭：set session optimizer_trace="enabled=off";
开启trace工具会对MySQL的性能造成一定的影响，所以建议在需要分析SQL语句的执行计划生成过程时才开启trace工具；

2、执行需要进行分析的SQL语句
select name, age, job from emp where name = "hu" and age > 20 and job = "产品";

3、查询执行计划
执行SQL语句：SELECT * FROM information_schema.OPTIMIZER_TRACE;

三、结构分析

{
  "steps": [
    {
      "join_preparation": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
          {
            "expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `emp`.`name` AS `name`,`emp`.`age` AS `age`,`emp`.`job` AS `job` from `emp` where ((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品')) limit 0,1000"
          }
        ] /* steps */
      } /* join_preparation */
    },
    {
      "join_optimization": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
          {
            "condition_processing": {
              "condition": "WHERE",
              "original_condition": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))",
              "steps": [
                {
                  "transformation": "equality_propagation",
                  "resulting_condition": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))"
                },
                {
                  "transformation": "constant_propagation",
                  "resulting_condition": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))"
                },
                {
                  "transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",
                  "resulting_condition": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))"
                }
              ] /* steps */
            } /* condition_processing */
          },
          {
            "substitute_generated_columns": {
            } /* substitute_generated_columns */
          },
          {
            "table_dependencies": [
              {
                "table": "`emp`",
                "row_may_be_null": false,
                "map_bit": 0,
                "depends_on_map_bits": [
                ] /* depends_on_map_bits */
              }
            ] /* table_dependencies */
          },
          {
            "ref_optimizer_key_uses": [
              {
                "table": "`emp`",
                "field": "name",
                "equals": "'hu'",
                "null_rejecting": false
              }
            ] /* ref_optimizer_key_uses */
          },
          {
            "rows_estimation": [
              {
                "table": "`emp`",
                "range_analysis": {
                  "table_scan": {
                    "rows": 651300,
                    "cost": 227957
                  } /* table_scan */,
                  "potential_range_indexes": [
                    {
                      "index": "PRIMARY",
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "not_applicable"
                    },
                    {
                      "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                      "usable": true,
                      "key_parts": [
                        "name",
                        "age",
                        "job",
                        "id"
                      ] /* key_parts */
                    }
                  ] /* potential_range_indexes */,
                  "best_covering_index_scan": {
                    "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                    "cost": 73074,
                    "chosen": true
                  } /* best_covering_index_scan */,
                  "setup_range_conditions": [
                  ] /* setup_range_conditions */,
                  "group_index_range": {
                    "chosen": false,
                    "cause": "not_group_by_or_distinct"
                  } /* group_index_range */,
                  "skip_scan_range": {
                    "potential_skip_scan_indexes": [
                      {
                        "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                        "usable": false,
                        "cause": "prefix_not_const_equality"
                      }
                    ] /* potential_skip_scan_indexes */
                  } /* skip_scan_range */,
                  "analyzing_range_alternatives": {
                    "range_scan_alternatives": [
                      {
                        "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                        "ranges": [
                          "hu <= name <= hu AND 20 < age"
                        ] /* ranges */,
                        "index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true,
                        "rowid_ordered": false,
                        "using_mrr": false,
                        "index_only": true,
                        "rows": 1,
                        "cost": 1.11,
                        "chosen": true
                      }
                    ] /* range_scan_alternatives */,
                    "analyzing_roworder_intersect": {
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
                    } /* analyzing_roworder_intersect */
                  } /* analyzing_range_alternatives */,
                  "chosen_range_access_summary": {
                    "range_access_plan": {
                      "type": "range_scan",
                      "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                      "rows": 1,
                      "ranges": [
                        "hu <= name <= hu AND 20 < age"
                      ] /* ranges */
                    } /* range_access_plan */,
                    "rows_for_plan": 1,
                    "cost_for_plan": 1.11,
                    "chosen": true
                  } /* chosen_range_access_summary */
                } /* range_analysis */
              }
            ] /* rows_estimation */
          },
          {
            "considered_execution_plans": [
              {
                "plan_prefix": [
                ] /* plan_prefix */,
                "table": "`emp`",
                "best_access_path": {
                  "considered_access_paths": [
                    {
                      "access_type": "ref",
                      "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                      "chosen": false,
                      "cause": "range_uses_more_keyparts"
                    },
                    {
                      "rows_to_scan": 1,
                      "access_type": "range",
                      "range_details": {
                        "used_index": "idx_name_age_job"
                      } /* range_details */,
                      "resulting_rows": 1,
                      "cost": 1.21,
                      "chosen": true
                    }
                  ] /* considered_access_paths */
                } /* best_access_path */,
                "condition_filtering_pct": 100,
                "rows_for_plan": 1,
                "cost_for_plan": 1.21,
                "chosen": true
              }
            ] /* considered_execution_plans */
          },
          {
            "attaching_conditions_to_tables": {
              "original_condition": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))",
              "attached_conditions_computation": [
              ] /* attached_conditions_computation */,
              "attached_conditions_summary": [
                {
                  "table": "`emp`",
                  "attached": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))"
                }
              ] /* attached_conditions_summary */
            } /* attaching_conditions_to_tables */
          },
          {
            "finalizing_table_conditions": [
              {
                "table": "`emp`",
                "original_table_condition": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))",
                "final_table_condition   ": "((`emp`.`name` = 'hu') and (`emp`.`age` > 20) and (`emp`.`job` = '产品'))"
              }
            ] /* finalizing_table_conditions */
          },
          {
            "refine_plan": [
              {
                "table": "`emp`"
              }
            ] /* refine_plan */
          }
        ] /* steps */
      } /* join_optimization */
    },
    {
      "join_execution": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
        ] /* steps */
      } /* join_execution */
    }
  ] /* steps */
}

3.1、SQL准备阶段

对SQL进行格式化

3.2、SQL分析、优化阶段

四、重要信息分析

steps -> json_optimization -> rows_estimation

 "rows_estimation": [
              {
                "table": "`emp`",
                "range_analysis": {
                  "table_scan": {
                  	/* 全表扫描预估扫描651300条记录，花费是227957*/
                    "rows": 651300,
                    "cost": 227957
                  },
                  "potential_range_indexes": [
                  	/* 可能用到的索引 */
                    {
                 	  /* 主键索引 =》 不适用*/
                      "index": "PRIMARY",
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "not_applicable"
                    },
                    {
                    	/* 联合索引idx_name_age_job =》 适用*/
                      "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                      "usable": true,
                      "key_parts": [
                        "name",
                        "age",
                        "job",
                        "id"
                      ] /* key_parts */
                    }
                  ] /* potential_range_indexes */,
                  "best_covering_index_scan": {
                  	/* 最优选择，使用联合索引idx_name_age_job */
                    "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                    "cost": 73074,
                    "chosen": true
                  } /* best_covering_index_scan */,
                  "setup_range_conditions": [
                  ] /* setup_range_conditions */,
                  "group_index_range": {
                    "chosen": false,
                    "cause": "not_group_by_or_distinct"
                  } /* group_index_range */,
                  "skip_scan_range": {
                    "potential_skip_scan_indexes": [
                      {
                        "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                        "usable": false,
                        "cause": "prefix_not_const_equality"
                      }
                    ] /* potential_skip_scan_indexes */
                  } /* skip_scan_range */,
                  "analyzing_range_alternatives": {
                    "range_scan_alternatives": [
                      {
                        "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                        "ranges": [
                          "hu <= name <= hu AND 20 < age"
                        ] /* ranges */,
                        "index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true,
                        "rowid_ordered": false,
                        "using_mrr": false,
                        "index_only": true,
                        "rows": 1,
                        "cost": 1.11,
                        "chosen": true
                      }
                    ] /* range_scan_alternatives */,
                    "analyzing_roworder_intersect": {
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
                    } /* analyzing_roworder_intersect */
                  } /* analyzing_range_alternatives */,
                  "chosen_range_access_summary": {
                    "range_access_plan": {
                      "type": "range_scan",
                      "index": "idx_name_age_job",
                      "rows": 1,
                      "ranges": [
                        "hu <= name <= hu AND 20 < age"
                      ] /* ranges */
                    } /* range_access_plan */,
                    "rows_for_plan": 1,
                    "cost_for_plan": 1.11,
                    "chosen": true
                  } /* chosen_range_access_summary */
                } /* range_analysis */
              }
            ] /* rows_estimation */