socket的read和available（）方法

read()方法：如果没有可获取的字节，将会阻塞。
源码

   /**
     * Reads the next byte of data from the input stream. The value byte is
     * returned as an <code>int</code> in the range <code>0</code> to
     * <code>255</code>. If no byte is available because the end of the stream
     * has been reached, the value <code>-1</code> is returned. This method
     * blocks until input data is available, the end of the stream is detected,
     * or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * <p> A subclass must provide an implementation of this method.
     *
     * @return     the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
     *             stream is reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public abstract int read() throws IOException;


available（）方法。
/**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or
     * skipped over) from this input stream without blocking by the next
     * invocation of a method for this input stream. The next invocation
     * might be the same thread or another thread.  A single read or skip of this
     * many bytes will not block, but may read or skip fewer bytes.
     *
     * <p> Note that while some implementations of {@code InputStream} will return
     * the total number of bytes in the stream, many will not.  It is
     * never correct to use the return value of this method to allocate
     * a buffer intended to hold all data in this stream.
     *
     * <p> A subclass' implementation of this method may choose to throw an
     * {@link IOException} if this input stream has been closed by
     * invoking the {@link #close()} method.
     *
     * <p> The {@code available} method for class {@code InputStream} always
     * returns {@code 0}.
     *
     * <p> This method should be overridden by subclasses.
     *
     * @return     an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or skipped
     *             over) from this input stream without blocking or {@code 0} when
     *             it reaches the end of the input stream.
     * @exception  IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public int available() throws IOException {
        return 0;
    }

大概意思是：注意，一些实现方法将返回流的全部的字节数，有一些方法则不会，想通过这个方法的返回值来分配缓冲区的长度，来承接流的全部数据，这样是不正确。
尽量不使用available方法，如果使用真的需要使用，在available方法使用之前使用一次read,想下面这样。

//将接收到的数据存到字节数组bytes
    int firstByte = inputStream.read();
    int length = inputStream.available();
    byte[] bytes = new byte[length+1];
    bytes[0] = (byte)firstByte;
    inputStream.read(bytes,1,length);

知乎上有一段是这样的。供参考
read的文档说明大致是：如果因已到达流末尾而没有可用的字节，则返回值 -1。在输入数据可用、检测到流的末尾或者抛出异常前，此方法一直阻塞。 socket和文件不一样，从文件中读，读到末尾就到达流的结尾了，所以会返回-1或null，循环结束，但是socket是连接两个主机的桥梁，一端无法知道另一端到底还有没有数据要传输。 socket如果不关闭的话，read之类的阻塞函数会一直等待它发送数据，就是所谓的阻塞。如果发送的东西非常多必须要用循环读的话，可以有一下解决方案：

①在写方调用socket的shutdownOutput方法关闭输出流，该方法的文档说明为，将此套接字的输出流置于“流的末尾”，这样另一端的输入流上的read操作就会返回-1。但是这样不能实现多次交互。
②约定结束标志，当读到该结束标志时退出不再read。
③设置超时，会在设置的超时时间到达后抛出SocketTimeoutException异常而不再阻塞。
④双方定义好通信协议，在协议头部约定好数据的长度。当读取到的长度等于这个长度时就不再继续调用read方法。
作者：qhyuan
链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/39851782/answer/86588005
来源：知乎

参考连接