死锁及解决方式

死锁：多个线程相互抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持

死锁案例

//死锁：多个线程相互抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
public class Deadlock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

class Lipstick{

}

class Mirror{

}

class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        makeup();
    }
    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup(){
        if (choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁！");
                //休息一秒
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (mirror){//一秒后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁！");
                }

            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁！");
                //休息一秒
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (lipstick){//2秒后想获得口红
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁！");
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

解决死锁：避免嵌套同步代码块

//解决死锁就是将持有的资源释放出来，同步代码块内不得嵌套同步代码块
public class HandleDeadlock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup1 g1 = new Makeup1(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup1 g2 = new Makeup1(1, "白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

class Lipstick1{

}

class Mirror1{

}

class Makeup1 extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick1 lipstick = new Lipstick1();
    static Mirror1 mirror = new Mirror1();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    public Makeup1(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        makeup1();
    }

    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup1(){
        if (choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁！");
                //休息一秒
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            synchronized (mirror){//一秒后想获得镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁！");
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁！");
                //休息一秒
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            synchronized (lipstick){//2秒后想获得口红
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁！");
            }
        }
    }
}