命令行执行事务
1.手动处理事务，关闭自动提交
SET autocommit = 0;
2.开启事务
START TRANSACTION 标记一个事物的开始，从这之后的SQL都在同一个事务之内
3.提交：持久化(业务成功完成)
COMMIT
4.回滚：恢复到原来的样子(业务务失败完成)
ROLLBACK
5.事务结束
SET autocommit = 1 开启自动提交
6.了解
SAVEPOINT 保存点名称 设置事务的保存点
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT 保存点名称 回滚到保存点
RELEASE SAVEPOINT 保存点名称 撤销保存点
JDBC操作
步骤：
- 加载驱动
- 连接数据库
- 创建执行SQL的对象 statement
- 编写SQL
- 执行SQL
- 关闭连接
public class StatementJdbc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
//1.加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.向数据库发送SQL的对象Statement,PreparedStatement : CRUD
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//4.编写SQL
String sql = "select * from users";
//5.执行查询SQL，返回一个 ResultSet ： 结果集
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
while (rs.next()){
System.out.println("id="+rs.getObject("id"));
System.out.println("name="+rs.getObject("name"));
System.out.println("password="+rs.getObject("password"));
System.out.println("email="+rs.getObject("email"));
System.out.println("birthday="+rs.getObject("birthday"));
}
//6.关闭连接，释放资源（一定要做） 先开后关
rs.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
statement执行SQL对象存在SQL注入的风险，使用prepareStatement对象采用预编译的方式可以防止SQL注入
注：占位符索引从1开始；
PreparedStatement 防止SQL注入的本质是把传递进来的参数当作字符，假如其中存在转义字符，比如‘会被直接转义
public class PreparedStatementJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
//1.加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.编写SQL
String sql = "insert into users(id, name, password, email, birthday) values (?,?,?,?,?);";
//4.预编译,
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1,2);//给第一个占位符？ 的值赋值为1；
preparedStatement.setString(2,"狂神说Java");//给第二个占位符？ 的值赋值为狂神说Java；
preparedStatement.setString(3,"123456");//给第三个占位符？ 的值赋值为123456；
preparedStatement.setString(4,"24736743@qq.com");//给第四个占位符？ 的值赋值为1；
preparedStatement.setDate(5,new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime()));//给第五个占位符？ 的值赋值为new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime())；
//5.执行SQL
int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
if (i>0){
System.out.println("插入成功");
}
//6.关闭连接，释放资源（一定要做） 先开后关
preparedStatement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
处理事务的JDBC
public class TransactionJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
Connection connection = null;
//1.加载驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.通知数据库开启事务,false 开启
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
String sql = "update account set money = money-100 where name = 'A'";
connection.prepareStatement(sql).executeUpdate();
//制造错误
//int i = 1/0;
String sql2 = "update account set money = money+100 where name = 'B'";
connection.prepareStatement(sql2).executeUpdate();
connection.commit();//以上两条SQL都执行成功了，就提交事务！
System.out.println("success");
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
//如果出现异常，就通知数据库回滚事务
connection.rollback();
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
JDBC工具类封装
public class BaseDao {
static{//静态代码块,在类加载的时候执行
init();
}
private static String driver;
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
//初始化连接参数,从配置文件里获得
public static void init(){
Properties params=new Properties();
String configFile = "database.properties";
InputStream is=BaseDao.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(configFile);
try {
params.load(is);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
driver=params.getProperty("driver");
url=params.getProperty("url");
user=params.getProperty("user");
password=params.getProperty("password");
}
public static Connection getConnection(){
Connection connection = null;
try {
Class.forName(driver);
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return connection;
}
public static ResultSet execute(Connection connection,PreparedStatement pstm,ResultSet rs,
String sql,Object[] params) throws Exception{
pstm = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for(int i = 0; i < params.length; i++){
pstm.setObject(i+1, params[i]);
}
rs = pstm.executeQuery();
return rs;
}
public static int execute(Connection connection,PreparedStatement pstm,
String sql,Object[] params) throws Exception{
int updateRows = 0;
pstm = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for(int i = 0; i < params.length; i++){
pstm.setObject(i+1, params[i]);
}
updateRows = pstm.executeUpdate();
return updateRows;
}
public static boolean closeResource(Connection connection,PreparedStatement pstm,ResultSet rs){
boolean flag = true;
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
rs = null;//GC回收
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
flag = false;
}
}
if(pstm != null){
try {
pstm.close();
pstm = null;//GC回收
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
flag = false;
}
}
if(connection != null){
try {
connection.close();
connection = null;//GC回收
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
flag = false;
}
}
return flag;
}
}
数据库连接池
实现一个DataSource接口
例如DBCP C3P0 Druid等，只需要进行相关配置即可
以dbcp为例封装工具类进行测试
数据源工具类
public class JdbcUtils_DBCP {
private static DataSource dataSource = null;
static {
try {
Properties properties = new Properties();
InputStream is = JdbcUtils_DBCP.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("database.properties");
properties.load(is);
//创建数据源 工厂模式创建
dataSource = BasicDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return dataSource.getConnection();
}
//释放连接资源
public static void release(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs){
if (rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (st!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
测试：
public class TestDbcp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement st = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils_DBCP.getConnection();
String sql = "insert into users(id,`name`,`age`) values (?,?,?)";
st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);//预编译SQL，先写SQL，不执行
//手动给参数赋值
st.setInt(1,5);
st.setString(2,"whb");
st.setInt(3,18);
//执行
int i = st.executeUpdate();
if (i>0){
System.out.println("插入成功");
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JdbcUtils_DBCP.release(conn,st,null);
}
}
}
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