javaweb--servlet是什么-＞Response(输出信息,下载文件,生成验证码,重定向)-＞Request(获取参数,请求转发)

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 22:18:32 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 22:18:32 发布

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分类专栏： JavaWeb基础 servlet原理文章标签： servlet java web

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43393069/article/details/108250052

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认识servlet

我们平时所说的servlet实际上就是实现了servlet接口的Java程序；
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在这里插入图片描述
父级源码：

ServletContext

web容器在启动时，他会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的Web应用;

作用：

共享数据:ServletContext在所有servlet之上，它可以作为一个容器，使各个servlet共享数据
在其中一个servlet保存数据，在另一个可以拿到

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = "harbin";
        context.setAttribute("username",username);
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("<h4>数据已经进入servletContext了，让其他servlet来取吧</h4>");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

public class GetDataServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("username:"+username);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.harbin.servlet02.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getdata</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.harbin.servlet02.GetDataServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getdata</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getdata</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

测试：先访问/hello让数据放进ServletContext,再访问/getdata才能获取到数据，否则数据为空
在这里插入图片描述

获取初始化参数
web.xml

    <!--配置web应用的初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>
        <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getparam</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.harbin.servlet02.GetInitParam</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getparam</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getparam</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

public class GetInitParam extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");

        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("url:"+url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

获取资源文件

public class GetResourceInfo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/harbin/servlet02/dd.properties");

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(is);
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");

        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.getWriter().println(username+":"+password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

请求转发：url路径不会更改
web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getparam</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.harbin.servlet02.GetInitParam</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getparam</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getparam</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>reqdispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.harbin.servlet02.ReqDispatcher</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>reqdispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/reqdispatcher</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

com.harbin.servlet02.GetInitParam

public class GetInitParam extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");

        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("url:"+url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

com.harbin.servlet02.ReqDispatcher

public class ReqDispatcher extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("来过ReqDispatcher");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/getparam");//转发的请求路径
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

HttpSevletResponse

WEB服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpSevletRequest对象，代表响应的HttpSevletResponse对象.如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数用HttpSevletRequest，如果要给客户端响应一些信息用HttpSevletResponse

负责向浏览器发送数据

    ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
    PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

设置一些信息

    void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
    void setContentLength(int var1);
    void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
    void setContentType(String var1);
    void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
    void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
    void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
    void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
    void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
    void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

常见应用

1. 向浏览器输出消息

2. 下载文件

1.获取下载文件路径
2.下载文件名
3.设置浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4.获取下载文件的输入流
5.创建缓冲区
6.获取OutputStream对象
7.将FileOutputStream流写入到缓冲区，使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
8.关闭流

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1.获取下载文件路径
        String filePath = "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\IdeaProjects\\javaweb-kownservlet\\response01\\src\\main\\resources\\张韶涵.jpg";
        //2.下载文件名
        String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3.设置响应头信息使浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
        //'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream' 表明这是一个二进制文件
        //'Content-Disposition': 'attachment;filename=req_get_download.js' 表明这是一个需要下载的附件并告诉浏览器默认文件名
        // URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8")防止中文乱码
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        //4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
        //5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //6.获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7.将FileOutputStream流写入到缓冲区，使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //8.关闭流
        fis.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.验证码功能

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>imageservlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.harbin.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>imageservlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/imageservlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //让浏览器3秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到画笔
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        graphics.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        graphics.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());

    }
    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length(); i++) {
            stringBuffer.append("0");
        }
        num = stringBuffer.toString()+num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4.重定向

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
        sendRedirect等价于
        resp.setHeader("Location","/response01/imageServlet");
        resp.setStatus(302);
         */

        resp.sendRedirect("/response01/imageServlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

重定向和转发的区别：
1.重定向地址栏变化，转发地址栏不变化

HttpSevletRequest

1.获取前端参数,请求转发


public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");


        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));

        //通过请求转发.路径中的“/”就已经代表当前web应用
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

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javaweb--servlet是什么-＞Response(输出信息,下载文件,生成验证码,重定向)-＞Request(获取参数,请求转发)

我们平时所说的servlet实际上就是实现了servlet接口的Java程序；父级源码：
复制链接

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