linux学习笔记：08-通用Makefile的使用

makefile_demo目录下的所有文件归属结构

zgjias@ubuntu:~/linux/mysource/makefile_demo$ tree
.
├── a
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── sub2.c
│   └── sub3.c
├── include
│   ├── sub2.h
│   ├── sub3.h
│   └── sub.h
├── main.c
├── Makefile
├── Makefile.build
└── sub.c

下面记录下此通用Makefile的使用方法

#1．把顶层Makefile, Makefile.build放入程序的顶层目录在各自子目录创建一个空白的

Makefile - - - -顶层目录

#4. 使用哪个编译器？
#   修改顶层目录Makefile的CROSS_COMPILE, 用来指定工具链的前缀(比如arm-linux-)
CROSS_COMPILE = 
AS		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)as
LD		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
CC		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
CPP		= $(CC) -E
AR		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
NM		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm

STRIP		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
OBJCOPY		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
OBJDUMP		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump

export AS LD CC CPP AR NM
export STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP

#3. 确定编译选项、链接选项
#   修改顶层目录Makefile的CFLAGS，这是编译所有.c文件时都要用的编译选项;
#   修改顶层目录Makefile的LDFLAGS，这是链接最后的应用程序时的链接选项;

#  		 修改各自子目录下的Makefile：
#  		 "EXTRA_CFLAGS",    它给当前目录下的所有文件(不含其下的子目录)设置额外的编译选项, 可以不设置
#   	 "CFLAGS_xxx.o",    它给当前目录下的xxx.c设置它自己的编译选项, 可以不设置
CFLAGS := -Wall -O2 -g
CFLAGS += -I $(shell pwd)/include
LDFLAGS := 
export CFLAGS LDFLAGS
TOPDIR := $(shell pwd)
export TOPDIR

#5. 确定应用程序的名字：
#   修改顶层目录Makefile的TARGET, 这是用来指定编译出来的程序的名字
TARGET := test

#2．确定编译哪些源文件
#   修改顶层目录和各自子目录Makefile的obj-y : 
#    obj-y += xxx.o
#	   obj-y += yyy/
#	   这表示要编译当前目录下的xxx.c, 要编译当前目录下的yyy子目录	
obj-y += main.o
obj-y += sub.o
obj-y += a/


all : start_recursive_build $(TARGET)
	@echo $(TARGET) has been built!

start_recursive_build:
	make -C ./ -f $(TOPDIR)/Makefile.build

$(TARGET) : built-in.o
	$(CC) -o $(TARGET) built-in.o $(LDFLAGS)

# 6. 执行"make"来编译，执行"make clean"来清除，执行"make distclean"来彻底清除
clean:
	rm -f $(shell find -name "*.o")
	rm -f $(TARGET)

distclean:
	rm -f $(shell find -name "*.o")
	rm -f $(shell find -name "*.d")
	rm -f $(TARGET)
	
	

Makefile.build - - - -顶层目录

PHONY := __build
__build:


obj-y :=
subdir-y :=
EXTRA_CFLAGS :=

include Makefile

# obj-y := a.o b.o c/ d/
# $(filter %/, $(obj-y))   : c/ d/
# __subdir-y  : c d
# subdir-y    : c d
__subdir-y	:= $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-y)))
subdir-y	+= $(__subdir-y)

# c/built-in.o d/built-in.o
subdir_objs := $(foreach f,$(subdir-y),$(f)/built-in.o)

# a.o b.o
cur_objs := $(filter-out %/, $(obj-y))
dep_files := $(foreach f,$(cur_objs),.$(f).d)
dep_files := $(wildcard $(dep_files))

ifneq ($(dep_files),)
  include $(dep_files)
endif


PHONY += $(subdir-y)


__build : $(subdir-y) built-in.o

$(subdir-y):
	make -C $@ -f $(TOPDIR)/Makefile.build

built-in.o : $(cur_objs) $(subdir_objs)
	$(LD) -r -o $@ $^

dep_file = .$@.d

%.o : %.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS_$@) -Wp,-MD,$(dep_file) -c -o $@ $<
	
.PHONY : $(PHONY)

main.c - - - -顶层目录

#include <stdio.h>

extern void sub_fun(void);
extern void sub2_fun(void);
void sub3_fun(void);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    printf("Main fun!\n");
    sub_fun();
    sub2_fun();
    sub3_fun();
    return 0;
}

sub.c - - - -顶层目录

#include <stdio.h>
#include "sub.h"

void sub_fun(void)
{
    printf("Sub fun,  A = %d!\n", A);   
}

sub2.c - - - -子目录 a

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sub2.h>

void sub2_fun(void)
{
    printf("Sub2 fun, B = %d!\n", B);   
#ifdef DEBUG
	printf("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
#endif
}

sub3.c - - - -子目录 a

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sub3.h>

void sub3_fun(void)
{
    printf("Sub3 fun, C = %d!\n", C);
	
#ifdef DEBUG
		printf("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG_SUB3
		printf("It is only debug info for sub3.\n");
#endif

}

Makefile - - - -子目录 a

EXTRA_CFLAGS := -D DEBUG
CFLAGS_sub3.o := -D DEBUG_SUB3

obj-y += sub2.o 
obj-y += sub3.o 

include 目录下的三个头文件
sub.h

#define A  1
void sub_fun(void); 

sub2.h

#define B  2
void sub2_fun(void); 

sun3.h

#define C  3
void sub3_fun(void); 

理解了这个通用Makefile 之后只需要修改相应的目录即可使用，硬核！