Linux逻辑卷管理 LVM

LVM简介：
Lofical Volume Manger 逻辑卷管理。
LVM将一个或者多个硬盘分区在逻辑集上集合，相当于一个大硬盘来使用，当硬盘的空间不够使用的时候，可以继续将其它的硬盘的分区加入其中，这样可以实现磁盘空间的动态管理，具有很高的灵活性。

创建和管理LVM

步骤：
		1、创建分区					fdisk
		2、创建逻辑卷				pv
		3、将物理卷转化为卷组			vg
		4、将卷组生成新的逻辑卷		lv
		5、格式化					mkfs
		6、挂载						mount

1、创建分区：
使用分区工具（如fdisk等），创建LVM分区，与其它分区创建类型相同，区别仅仅是LVM的分区类型为8e

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda 

先创建一个扩展分区：（没有扩展分区无法创建逻辑分区）
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (52447232-125829119, default 52447232): 
Using default value 52447232
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (52447232-125829119, default 125829119): +10G
Partition 3 of type Extended and of size 10 GiB is set

创建了两个逻辑分区：
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (52449280-73418751, default 52449280):    
Using default value 52449280
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (52449280-73418751, default 73418751): +2G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (56645632-73418751, default 56645632): 
Using default value 56645632
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (56645632-73418751, default 73418751): +2G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0001e85f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    52447231    25174016   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        52447232    73418751    10485760    5  Extended
/dev/sda5        52449280    56643583     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sda6        56645632    60839935     2097152   83  Linux

更改分区类型： 8e为Linux LVM
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3,5,6, default 6): 
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to &#