spring Data Jpa快速入门

Jpa快速入门

1.引入依赖。

	<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</project.hibernate.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate对jpa的支持包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Mysql and MariaDB -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.在resources下创建META-INF文件夹，创建persistence.xml。

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">
	
	    <!--持久化单元-->
	    <persistence-unit name="myJpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
	        <!--jpa的实现方式-->
	        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
	        <!--数据库信息-->
	        <properties>
	            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
	            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="123456"/>
	            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
	            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa"/>
	            <!--可选配置：配置jpa实现方的配置信息
	                显示sql
	                自动创建数据库表
	            -->
	            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
	            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create"/>
	        </properties>
	    </persistence-unit>
	</persistence>

3.创建实体类

	@Entity
	@Table(name = "cst_customer")
	public class Customer {
	
	    /**
	     * GeneratedValue:配置主键自动生成策略
	     *      strategy
	     *          GenerationType.IDENTITY 自增，MySQL
	     *          GenerationType.SEQUENCE：序列：oracle
	     *          GenerationType.TABLE    :jpa提供的一种机制，通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增
	     *          GenerationType.AUTO     ：由程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略
	     */
	    @Id
	    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	    @Column(name = "cust_id")
	    private Long custId;
	    @Column(name = "cust_name")
	    private String custName;
	    @Column(name = "cust_source")
	    private String custSource;
	    @Column(name = "cust_level")
	    private String custLevel;
	    @Column(name = "cust_industry")
	    private String custIndustry;
	    @Column(name = "cust_phone")
	    private String custPhone;
	    @Column(name = "cust_address")
	    private String custAddress;
		//此处省略getter和setter
	}

4.创建测试类

	public class JpaTest {
	    /**
	     * 测试jpa的保存
	     *      案例：保存一个客户到数据库中
	     *   jpa的操作步骤
	     *      1.加载配置文件创建工厂（实体管理器工厂）对象
	     *      2.通过实体管理器工厂获取实体管理器
	     *      3.获取事务对象，开启事务
	     *      4.完成增删改查操作
	     *      5.提交事务（回滚事务）
	     *      6.释放资源
	     */
	    @Test
	    public void testSave(){
	        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa");
	        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
	        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
	        tx.begin();
	        Customer customer = new Customer();
	        customer.setCustName("关羽");
	        customer.setCustIndustry("武将");
	
	        em.persist(customer);//保存操作
	        tx.commit();
	        em.close();
	        factory.close();
	    }
	}