ES爬坑记录之 Elasticsearch的基础语法

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 15:41:16 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 15:41:16 发布

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文章标签： elasticsearch 大数据

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43436238/article/details/129001698

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本文详细记录了Elasticsearch的基础语法，包括创建、读取、更新和删除索引，批量操作，条件查询，分词分析，精准匹配，字段筛选，范围查找等。此外，还探讨了高级查询技巧，如条件组合查询、聚合函数应用和排序查询。

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一、基础语法篇

1、查看全部的索引

GET _cat/indices?v

2、创建students索引库

PUT /students

{

"mappings": {

    "properties": {

      "title": {

        "type": "text",

        "index": true,

        "store": true,

        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",

        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"

      },

      "stu_name": {

        "type": "keyword",

        "index": true,

        "store": true

      },

      "stu_age": {

        "type": "integer",

        "index": true,

        "store": true

      },

      "sex": {

        "type": "text",

        "index": true,

        "store": true

      }

    }

}

}

3、添加一条数据

PUT /students/_doc/1

4、查找索引库内id为1的数据

GET /students/_doc/1

5、修改索引库内id为1的数据

PUT /students/_doc/1

验证：查看修改后的内容（GET /students/_doc/1）

6、删除索引库内id为1的数据

DELETE /students/_doc/1

验证：查看修改后的内容（GET /students/_doc/1）

二、进阶语法篇

1、批量添加数据

POST /_bulk

{"create":{"_index":"students" ,"_id":"1"}}

{"stu_name":"李四","stu_age":18,"sex":"女"}

{"create":{"_index":"students" ,"_id":"2"}}

{"stu_name":"张三","stu_age":20,"sex":"男"}

{"create":{"_index":"students" ,"_id":"3"}}

{"stu_name":"王五","stu_age":22,"sex":"男"}

2、根据条件查询数据

1）查询索引内的全部数据

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

"match_all": {}

}

}

2）根据分词结构进行查询

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "match": {

      "sex": "女"

    }

}

}

3）根据前缀进行查询

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "prefix": {

      "stu_name": "张"

    }

}

}

3、查看ES是如何进行分词的

1）ik_smart分词器

GET /_analyze

{

"analyzer": "ik_smart",

"text": "张三"

}

2）ik_max_word分词器

GET /_analyze

{

"analyzer": "ik_max_word",

"text": "张三"

}

3）默认的分词器standard（一般用来在英文时分词使用）

POST _analyze

{

"analyzer": "standard",

"text": "张三"

}

4、关键字“不分词”精准匹配查找

1）新增一条数据

POST /students/_doc/4

{"stu_name":"张三三","stu_age":22,"sex":"男"}

2）查看“张三三”和“张三的分词情况”

# 张三三的分词情况

GET /_analyze

{

"analyzer": "ik_max_word",

"text": "张三三"

}

# 张三的分词情况

GET /_analyze

{

"analyzer": "ik_max_word",

"text": "张三"

}

3）精准匹配查找

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "term": {

      "stu_name": {

        "value": "张三三"

      }

    }

}

}

4）多个词精准匹配查找

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "terms": {

      "stu_name": [

        "张三",

        "李四"

      ]

    }

}

}

5、指定返回的字段（类似于select xxx from 表…….xxx就是咱们指定返回的字段）

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

"match_all": {}

}

, "_source": "stu_name"

}

6、取值范围查找

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "range": {

      "stu_age": {

        "gte": 10,

        "lte": 20

      }

    }

}

}

三、升阶语法篇

1、条件组合查询

1）&&的条件组合查询

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "bool": {

      "must": [

        {

          "match": {

            "stu_name": "张三"

            }

          },

          {

            "match": {

               "stu_age": 20

            }

        }

      ]

    }

}

}

2）|| 的条件组合查询

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "bool": {

      "should": [

        {

          "match": {

            "stu_name": "张三"

            }

          },

          {

            "match": {

               "stu_age": 22

            }

        }

      ]

    }

}

}

3）! 取反的条件组合查询

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

    "bool": {

      "must_not": [

        {

          "match": {

            "stu_name": "张三"

            }

          },

          {

            "match": {

               "stu_age": 22

            }

        }

      ]

    }

}

}

2、聚合函数查询

POST /students/_search

{

"query": {

"match_all": {}

}

, "aggs": {

    "age_sum": {

      "sum": {

        "field": "stu_age"

      }

    }

}

}