CentOS7系统Python2改Python3且能正常使用yum命令

先将所有命令总结如下：（懒人福利，直接粘过去使用，或者脚本）

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir bak
mv * bak
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel lzma gcc
cd /usr/local/src/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.5/Python-3.8.5.tar.xz
tar xvf Python-3.8.5.tar.xz
mv Python-3.8.5 /usr/local/python-3.8
cd /usr/local/python-3.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sbin/python-3.8
make && make install
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
ln -sv /usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
ll /usr/bin/ |grep python
python -V
vim /usr/bin/yum
vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
vim /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
pip --version

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具体过程如下：

本次使用的系统版本为CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)，查看方式：cat /etc/redhat-release

1. 安装依赖

# 安装依赖之前更新一下yum源：
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir bak
mv * bak
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

# 再安装Python依赖：
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel lzma gcc

2. 下载Python安装包

cd /usr/local/src/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.5/Python-3.8.5.tar.xz

3. 编译并安装

# 解压安装包：
tar xvf Python-3.8.5.tar.xz
mv Python-3.8.5 /usr/local/python-3.8
cd /usr/local/python-3.8/

# 将python3.8安装到/usr/local/sbin/python-3.8目录下
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sbin/python-3.8
make && make install

便是安装成功了
/usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/python3可以使用Python3，但是这样使用不是很方便
因为python -V可以看出centos7是自带Python 2.7.5
所以接下来是修改默认Python

4. 先瞅一眼Python的绝对路径

[root@localhost python-3.8]# which python
/usr/bin/python

[root@localhost python-3.8]# ll /usr/bin/ |grep python
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root      11240 4月   2 23:58 abrt-action-analyze-python
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root          7 7月  31 17:52 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root          9 7月  31 17:52 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       7144 4月   2 21:17 python2.7

可以看出，原先的Python命令是通过软链接连接到python2.7的
现在需要将改到新安装的python3

5. 将python命令通过软链接指向到python3命令（就是上面那一大串/usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/python3）

[root@localhost python-3.8]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python

[root@localhost python-3.8]# ln -sv /usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
"/usr/bin/python" -> "/usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/python3"

[root@localhost python-3.8]# ll /usr/bin/ |grep python
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root      11240 4月   2 23:58 abrt-action-analyze-python
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root         38 7月  31 18:39 python -> /usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root          9 7月  31 17:52 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       7144 4月   2 21:17 python2.7

[root@localhost python-3.8]# python -V
Python 3.8.5

6. yum命令不能执行，需做如下修改

vim /usr/bin/yum
# 将顶部的  !/usr/bin/python  改成  !/usr/bin/python2.7

vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
# 将顶部的  ! /usr/bin/python  改成  ! /usr/bin/python2.7

vim /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
# 将顶部的  #!/usr/bin/python -tt  改成  #!/usr/bin/python2.7 -tt

# 将pip指向到python3.8
ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip

命令pip --version可以看到：

[root@localhost python-3.8]# pip --version
pip 20.1.1 from /usr/local/sbin/python-3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

完成！