R语言学习笔记——矩阵相关简单操作

1. 生成矩阵

#所有元素都为0的3×3矩阵
> A <- matrix(0,nr=3,nc=3)
> A
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0
> class(A)
[1] "matrix" "array" 
> dim(A) 
[1] 3 3 # 矩阵A的维度：3 3


#创建3×3矩阵
> B <- diag(3)
> B
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    0    0
[2,]    0    1    0
[3,]    0    0    1

#创建对角线为2，3，4的矩阵
> C <- diag(c(2,3,4))
> C
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    2    0    0
[2,]    0    3    0
[3,]    0    0    4

#按行将4个向量赋值得到4×3矩阵
> D <- rbind(c(3,3,5),c(6,8,4),c(1,2,3),c(0,9,0)) 
> D
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    3    3    5
[2,]    6    8    4
[3,]    1    2    3
[4,]    0    9    0

> mat <- matrix(1:16, ncol = 4, nrow = 4, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(c(paste("x", 1:4, sep = ".")), c(paste("y", 1:4, sep = "."))))
> mat
    y.1